I always have some problems with the formula while doing PERMANOVA. For example, adonis(distance.bray ~ x+y, sample.data, permutations = 999) and adonis(distance.bray ~ y+x, sample.data, permutations = 999) gave me the different results of the R square values for factor x and y. So what are the difference between these two formula? And which one should I trust?

Also, I once did the analysis with three factors. When I did adonis(distance.bray ~ x+y+z, sample.data, permutations = 999), z was significant. But when I do adonis(distance.bray ~ z, sample.data, permutations = 999), z was not significant. Can someone explain what happened in these analyses?

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