Hi I want to measure intracellular metabolite of bacteria. I tried 5 N Perchloric acid, Ice cold ethanol and Hot ethanol but none of them is giving results. What method is suitable for extraction.
It's tough to make solid recommendations without knowing either the specific gram-positive organism or the specific metabolite.
As a general recommendation, I would suggest bead beating the bacteria with sterile 0.1mm glass beads prior to the extraction (either via a specific bead beater or in a pinch just by vortexing vigorously). This will mechanically disrupt the cell walls. Alternatively, you can consider lysozyme for enzymatic weakening of the walls. If the cell walls remain intact it may interfere with your extraction. Depending on the metabolite (and the pH of the solution), small molecules may decompose or not extract well with acids or alcohols. Good luck!
I agree with Andrew - breaking the cell walls may be the best way to ensure extraction of intracellular compounds. In addition to the methods he mentions, you may also want to consider either a French press or sonication to disrupt the cells.
I am working with Enterococcus faecalis and i have to measure glycolytic metabolite Pyruvate in the log phase immediately after removing them from culture.
The cell walls of E. faecalis should be relatively straightforward to disrupt with bead-beating or lysozyme treatment. French press is typically more effective with gram negatives although it may work here as well. Sonication would be effective for disrupting the membranes but has variable activity with gram positives due to the thick wall (unless you add lysozyme first, in which case absolutely it should be very effective).
I might consider the following protocol to disrupt the cells and clean up / concentrate the intracellular components, likely including pyruvate. It is designed for chromosomal DNA extraction but should extract most water-soluble metabolites as well. The addition of SDS should help disrupt membranes while the bead beating should disrupt the cell wall, both resulting in increased yield of intracellular components. You can also concentrate your sample depending on how much Tris buffer you use. I will note, however, that I've never isolated pyruvate myself so this is more of a "see if it works" than an established pyruvate purification protocol:
Pellet your bacterium and resuspend in a small volume of aqueous solvent (I usually use 500 µl 10mM Tris pH 8.0 per 10 mL culture pellet)
Transfer cell suspension to a 2.0 mL tube containing ~ 500 µl 0.1mm glass beads, 250µl phenol, 250µl chloroform and 10 µl of 20% SDS. Put the mixture in a bead beater for 60-120 seconds or vortex vigorously for 2-5 minutes. Spin at top speed in a microcentrifuge for 10 minutes.
Your aqueous intracellular components (i.e. pyruvate) should be in the top aqueous layer, your disrupted cell membranes and cell walls form a barrier between phases and the organic solubles (usually misfolded proteins) in the bottom layer.
If you are concerned about phenol contaminating downstream applications, you can mix your aqueous layer with an equal part chloroform, vortex x 30 seconds and spin at top speed x 2 minutes. Trace phenol extracts to the bottom layer / interface and your compound remains in the top layer. If you want to get rid of nucleic acids for some reason, consider adding some DNAse/RNAse to your sample, leave it at 37°C x 20 minutes then doing a chloroform extraction as above to get rid of the enzymes.
Start-to-finish, about 30 minutes with cheap reagents many labs already have on-hand (if it works!). Good luck!