How can repelling or pushing gravity account for the apparent attraction of ocean tides towards the Moon? I believe such an idea of gravity requires the idea of 17th-century scientists Isaac Newton and Johannes Kepler that the moon causes the tides, to be joined with Galileo’s idea that the Earth’s movements slosh its water.

"If a barge (carrying a cargo of freshwater) suddenly ground to a halt on a sandbar, for instance, the water pushed up towards the bow then bounced back toward the stern, doing this several times with ever decreasing agitation until it returned to a level state. Galileo realized that the Earth's dual motion—its daily one around its axis and its annual one around the sun—might have the same effect on oceans and other great bodies of water as the barge had on its freshwater cargo." (Tyson, Peter, “Galileo's Big Mistake” - Posted 10.29.02 (http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/earth/galileo-big-mistake.html))

Gravity’s apparent attraction can be summarized by the following - gravitation is absorbed into wave packets and the inertia of the gravitons (united with far more energetic photons) carries objects towards Earth’s centre at 9.8 m/s or 32 ft/s. The volume of the oceans on Earth is estimated at nearly 1.5 billion cubic kilometres. (Van Nostrand’s Scientific Encyclopedia, 10th edition, "Ocean Volume and Depth” – 2008) All this water is being pushed towards Earth’s centre at 32 feet per second every second. But the seafloor prevents its descent. So there is a recoil, noticeable offshore (it is only where oceans and continents meet that tides are great enough to be noticed). This recoil is larger during the spring tides seen at full and new moon because sun, Earth and moon are aligned at these times.

The previous paragraph’s alignment of Sun, Earth and moon refers to their being lined up where the gravitational current is greatest (in the plane where planets and moons are created) - and to more of the gravitational waves travelling from the outer solar system being captured by solar and lunar wave packets, and less of them being available on Earth to suppress oceanic recoil (there are still enough to maintain the falling-bodies rate of 32 feet per second per second). At the neap tides of 1st and 3rd quarter; the sun, earth and moon aren’t lined up but form a right angle and our planet has access to more gravity waves, which suppress oceanic recoil to a greater degree. We can imagine the sun and moon pulling earth’s water in different directions at neap tide but suppression is a more accurate description. If variables like wind/atmospheric pressure/storms are deleted, this greater suppression causes neap tides which are much lower than spring tides.

Let's apply this aspect of gravity to a few other instances -

M-SIGMA

The M-sigma relationship was only discovered in 2000 and is observational, meaning scientists noticed it first and are now trying to understand the cause. M refers to the mass of a galaxy's central black hole, and sigma stands for the speed at which stars fly about in the galaxy's bulge. The bigger the black hole, the faster the stars move - the greater is their velocity dispersion. ("The M-sigma relationship": Astronomy, October 2016)

Gravitational waves would explain the cause. Some of the ocean waves passing an island are refracted - when they enter shallow water, they're refracted by friction with the mass of the seabed. They change direction and head towards the island, breaking onto its beaches. Similarly, gravitational waves are refracted and focus on the centre of a mass. In this case, the mass the waves are headed toward is the black hole, where they help form its composition.

General Relativity proposes that the space-time composing the cosmos IS gravitation. Gravitational waves not only compose space-time but also so-called "imaginary" space-time (which exists on the Complex Number Plane's y-axis, can interact with our dimension on the x-axis, and is the possible domain of what are called dark matter and dark energy). The linear motion of waves headed towards the central black hole and striking stars' sides during the journey is converted into increased (and perpendicular) orbital speed of the stars since the gravitational waves of imaginary time are at 90 degrees to the gravitational waves of space-time (recall how we can picture imaginary time as another kind of time in the vertical direction when familiar time is a horizontal line).

GEYSERS ON SATURN'S MOON ENCELADUS

"A small water jet on Enceladus, an icy moon of Saturn, spews its fiercest eruptions when the moon is farthest from the planet, a new study suggests, but the overall gas output doesn't increase much during that time. The study points to a mystery in Enceladus' plumbing." ("Surprising geysers on Saturn moon Enceladus hint at plumbing mystery" by Elizabeth Howell, Space.com Contributor · Published May 12, 2016 (http://www.foxnews.com/science/2016/05/12/surprising-geysers-on-saturn-moon-enceladus-hint-at-plumbing-mystery.html))

Basically, the problem seems to be that humans haven't caught up with Einstein's ideas about gravity yet. In 1919, he submitted a paper to the Prussian Academy of Sciences asking "Do gravitational fields play an essential role in the structure of elementary particles?" (Albert Einstein's “Spielen Gravitationfelder in Aufbau der Elementarteilchen eine Wesentliche Rolle?” (Do gravitational fields play an essential role in the structure of elementary particles?), Sitzungsberichte der Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, (Math. Phys.), 349-356 (1919) Berlin]) If so, gravitational waves from deep space would focus on the centre of a planet's mass. When Enceladus is near Saturn, it would also be close to increased activity of the waves. The increased push from them would suppress emission of dust-sized water-ice grains, which is 3 times greater at the moon's farthest point because suppression is reduced there. Gas emission is also increased. Since this is not 3 times more, but only 20% more, a plumbing problem would be causing the discrepancy.

A BRIEF HISTORY OF GRAVITY

In three dimensions, the gravitational force drops to 1/4 if one doubles the distance. In four dimensions , it would drop to 1/8 and in five dimensions to 1/16: "A Brief History of Time" by Stephen Hawking – Bantam Press 1988, pp. 164-165. The positive direction on the x-axis (representing the 3 space dimensions of "real" space-time) is 180 degrees from the negative direction on x (this may be called the 5th space dimension or complex space-time). Therefore, complex gravity is an extension of real gravity. Using Professor Hawking's figures, the extension equals ¼ * ¼ i.e. doubling the distance in 5 space dimensions causes gravity to become 1/16 as powerful. It is not ¼ * -¼ since numbers have the same property regardless of direction on the Complex Number Plane (they increase in value). To conserve this sameness, the second one must be +¼ if the first one is +¼. Alternatively, the gravity's strength is reduced 4 times and this number is multiplied by another 4 to reduce it 16 times overall. In the 4th space dimension/2nd time dimension represented by the imaginary axis, this y-axis is half the distance (90 degrees) from the real x-axis that the complex x-axis is (it's removed 180 degrees). So gravitational weakening from doubling distance in 4 space dimensions = (reduction of 4 times multiplied by another reduction of 4 times) / 2, for an overall reduction of 8 times to a strength of 1/8.