Even when synthesized under optimized conditions, the band gap of green-synthesized CuO nanoparticles (NPs) may fall outside the typical range of 1.20 - 2.62 eV. The energy band gap of these nanoparticles can vary depending on the synthesis method and the elements used for doping. Generally, CuO NPs exhibit a band gap energy around 2 eV. However, doping with different elements can alter the band gap due to changes in the electronic structure. For example, doping with nitrogen (N) can introduce new energy levels in the band structure, which may reduce the band gap. Similarly, doping with zinc (Zn) can affect the band gap by altering the charge carrier concentration or inducing strain in the crystal lattice. It is possible for the energy band gap of green-synthesized CuO NPs to be 3.62 eV, and when doped with N and Zn, the band gaps could be 3.51 and 3.49 eV, respectively.
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