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There are two kinds of vulnerability testing: vulnerability assessment and penetration testing (VAPT). The tests are frequently combined to produce a more thorough vulnerability analysis because they each have different strengths. In short, penetration testing and vulnerability assessments carry out two distinct tasks within the same area of focus, typically with disparate outcomes.
The vulnerabilities that are present are identified by vulnerability assessment tools, but they do not distinguish between flaws that can be exploited to cause harm and those that cannot. Companies are informed of the existence and location of existing bugs in their code by vulnerability scanners. During penetration tests, flaws that could endanger the application are sought out in an effort to determine whether unauthorized access or other malicious activity is feasible.
Penetration tests identify vulnerabilities that can be exploited and rate their severity. Instead of identifying every vulnerability in a system, a penetration test is designed to demonstrate how harmful a flaw could be in a real attack. Penetration testing and vulnerability assessment tools work together to create a thorough picture of an application's vulnerabilities and the risks posed by them.
Nice comment; just to add there are 3 kinds of vulnernability testing: VAPT, pen testing, and red team based attacks.
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