SARS-CoV-2. COVID-19. - Cytokine Storm. Proinflammatory cytokines. Cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytokine_release_syndrome *** Article [Effect of armin on nonspecific resistance factors of the bo...

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https://www.actascientific.com/ASPS/pdf/ASPS-03-0415.pdf

The updated recommendations for treatment of COVID-2019 (Russia) say:

- Antipyretics are administered to patients at temperatures above 38 ºC.

If a person has a febrile syndrome, headaches, high blood pressure, a strong heartbeat (severe tachycardia), then antipyretics are also used at lower temperatures.

- The safest drugs are ibuprofen and paracetamol.

- For pregnant women, paracetamol is the drug of first choice. In the first and second trimesters of pregnancy, ibuprofen or ceckoxyb can be prescribed. But in the third trimester they are contraindicated.

- Children may be prescribed paracetamol, ibuprofen, sodium metamisol. As well as antispasmodics in febrilic fever (ie, from 38 to 39 º C).

***

The World Health Organization supported paracetamol.

WHO spokesman Christian Lindmaier confirmed to journalists that today international experts recommend giving preference to paracetamol when treating COVID patients. At the same time, the degree of risk in case of ibuprofen use has not yet been determined precisely, the research is continuing, the WHO representative said.

Fever increases metabolic rate. Patients with respiratory compromise are more likely to need organ support if they develop fever.

Controlling fever can minimise oxygen consumption and CO2 production. Fever also causes vasodilation that may result in hypotension.

However use of non-steroidals has been suggested to exacerbate the disease.

So paracetamol and cooling measures should be used instead.

Rather than telling people what not to do. It is more helpful to provide advice on what they should do.

What to do if you get Covid-19.

These recommendations apply to young adults with no medical conditions. If you have medical conditions or any concerns it is best to speak to your doctor for specific advice. This is particularly important if you have a pre-existing lung condition or are taking immunosuppressant medications.

Prepare for a nasty chest infection.

Things you have to hand

• face tissues,

• Acetaminophen; for a fever over 38°c, take acetaminophen rather than Ibuprofen.

• Generic, cough medicine to thin mucus (check the label make sure that it does not contain paracetamol; otherwise you could double dose and get side effects)

• vaporub for your chest is also a great suggestion.

• humidifier would be useful; however, turning on a hot shower and breathing in the steam in the bathroom may also help.

• Food: soups are ideal

• Drink: stay well hydrated, water is fine

• Rest and do not leave your house. You could be infectious for fourteen days. Avoid elderly people and those with pre-existing health conditions.

• Wear gloves and a mask to avoid transmitting the infection

• If you do not live alone. Isolate yourself in your bedroom. Ask those you live with to leave things outside to avoid contact.

• Wash your bed linen and clothes frequently. Clean your bathroom with sanitisers.

The vast majority of Covid-19 cases in healthy adults can manage at home with rest, hydration, acetaminophen, cough medicine.

Go to hospital if you are having trouble breathing or your fever is very high (over 39°C) and not settling with acetaminophen and cooling with ice packs or if you are worried, in distress or feel your symptoms are getting worse

Preprint Core warming of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients...

In bats, which is the origin of the virus, body temperature is 42 degrees C. Is it possible to use "hypothermia" as a therapy in Intensive Care Units?

The most current suggestion based on accumulated pieces of evidence has suggested that the focus should be on the use of anti-TNF therapy (leading to cytokine storm-fever)

see

Article Trials of anti-tumour necrosis factor therapy for COVID-19 a...

current possible treatment-drugs

Article Recovery from COVID-19 in a patient with spondyloarthritis t...

(see post publication comments on this article as caveat)

Article Favorable outcome of COVID-19 in a young woman with severe C...

both of the above are serendipitous discovery- patients with existing diseases that require TNF-alpha inhibitors were also infected with COVID-19 but got favorable outcomes from the existing medication

current possible treatment-herbs

https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-12-30/thailand-clears-use-of-herbal-medicine-for-covid-19-treatment

herb is

Andrographis paniculata (not available globally)

Article Inhibition of TNF-??-Induced Inflammation by Andrographolide...

(it has phytochemicals that is/are TNF-alpha inhibitor(s))

Carica papaya (plant available almost globally in abundance and easily recognizable)

Preprint Papaya leaves extract; a possible weapon against COVID-19?

(we wrote this paper early in Feb 2020)