The color of the seed quality characteristic, which can be graduated.
Yes In rice for example, rice seed with brown - dark spots are usually associated with the high prevalence of Bipolaris oryzae ( responsable of brown spot disease). These brown-dark spoted seeds generally develop poor seedling compared to yellowish rice seeds
If the color is not associated with disease, I dont believe that this may have an influece on the development on seedling
Yes, see:
DOI: 10.5937/JPEA1703174V, EFFECTS OF SEED COAT COLOUR ON THE SEED QUALITY AND INITIAL SEEDLING GROWTH OF RED CLOVER CULTIVARS
It very much depends on the seed type and variety. Such seeds as White clover for example are quite multi coloured, but can all be grown into perfectly healthy seedlings/ plants. Therefore colour isn't really a good indicator of disease in these seeds. Other seeds such as Brassicas, (which are majorly a black/brown colour) can have alot more obviously diseased seed present as these won't often be that same colour.
Colour of seeds may be a quality attributes but seems not to affect the growth and development of seedlings unless the color change is associated with some disease and pest attack. However, specific colour of the seed may attract or deceive predators that can affect the overall yield.
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