Dear Milad Zeynivandnejad ;

Adding iron powders had a positive effect on the modulus of elasticity of the polymer composites and a negative effect on the yield and tensile strength and % elongation, as shown in figures 1, 2 and table 2 page 261-262 in the following reference;

Article Mechanical Properties of Polymers Filled with Iron Powder

Dear Mahmood H. M.

Thank you so much for your contribution. Based on the paper mentioned in the answer, could this result be the answer for the tensile strength aspect for all kinds of polymer composites filled with metal powders?

Rather than metals, try to add oxides. I have published a paper on this, you can go through it. try to recommend my paper for sure.

Thank you.

yes sure, with regards

It cannot be said specifically.Tensile strength depends on the interdacial bond between reinforcement and matrix.

Dear Fahad Ahmed

I appreciate your contribution, but is it possible to explain more about your answer?

Thank you

Dear Khaja Zaffer

Recently, I experimented on biodegradable polymer filled with metal powder. On some of the tests, while increasing the percentage of the metal powder, the tensile strength of the sample increases as well. It makes a hesitate on the analysis of the trend of the experiment. Nevertheless, I'm looking for researchers on this topic.

Best regards.

The strength of the composites depends on the nature of the interfacial bond between reinforcement and polymer matrix.Though metal is stronger than polymer,but if the interfacial bond is weak,the crack will easily propagate through the weak interface and as a result tensile strength of the composite will decrease.

I have a paper on the similar topic.You can have a look!

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/347931143_Effect_of_Zucchini_Fiber_Reinforcement_on_Mechanical_and_Water_Absorption_Properties_of_Polypropylene_Composite

Dear Fahad Ahmed

Thank you so much for the collaboration.

As per the Rule of Mixture; the higher the percentage of reinforcing medium, the higher would be the modulus of elasticity as well as the tensile strength of the composite. If interfacial bonding is an issue, the powder may be etched before reinforcement for making the surface rough and thus achieve better bonding.

Really, the adhesion strength play fundamental role in strength of materials which reinforcing by disperse particles and fibers. Very often the strength is increasing with filling when adhesion satisfy the requirement of strength balance.

For example, we have obtained good results when reinforcing epoxy resin by conventional iron filings. But in case of 3d printing process the porosity of issues complicates the modification of feedstock material and requires microparticles application.

Dear Ravi Prakash

I am a little bit confused. While the tensile test, doesn't the particles decrease the tensile strength and propagate the crack during the uniaxial load of the machine increase too?

To my opinion, Ravi Prakash gives a good advice to improve the adhesion ability of filler by etching without cracking and desreasing of strength at tension. The matrix material encapsulates microdefects and preventing crack initiation and propagation.

The effective reinforcing method presumes the additional preparation (dressing) of particles surface before filling by special liquid compounds.

Dear Serge V. Shil’ko

I really appreciate your contribution. About " adhesion strength", is it possible more explanation?

Another question, in the 3D printing proces, does the reinforcement particles harm the tensile strength of the composite?

Best regards

Many references is devoted to explanation "adhesion strength" (f.e. The Adhesive Bond Strength: Bonding & Assembly Education | 3M). To another question, probably, the negative role of relatively large particles may be expressed in impairing of melt flowing, increasing of porosity and tension strength decreasing.

No. It would not reduce the tensile strength. For Particulate Reinforced Composites, the higher the volume fraction of the reinforcing medium, the higher would be tensile strength. Off-course, the reinforcing medium should not end up introducing flaws/defects in the comsite.

Thank you Serge V. Shil’ko

Based on the answer, the shape and size of the particles could harm effect on tensile strength at the tension, if both the shape and size of the particles are having an increasing range. In other words, we have a limitation on the shape and size of the particle, right?

Thank you, Ravi Prakash

Can I ask for references or done experiments on your answer. I searched and couldn't find references about increasing the tensile strength of polymer composite filled with metal powder.

again, thank you so much for your collaboration.

Milad Zeynivandnejad for your research your can check out my paper published.

if you find it useful please recommend my paper.

First, if you are doubtful then try to use different microns size particles and reinforce with the polymer. it can help your paper and audience to understand that you have selected variety of sizes. By doing so you can come to a conclusion of whether which size is most effective!

Thank you so much Khaja Zaffer

I'll read your paper.

Best regards.

Yes, but it depends on many parameters such as the shape and material of the metal and how the particles are dispersed in the polymer field.

thank you Abbas Moghanizadeh for the contribution.

In the case of my experiment, the particles have no certain shapes, but the size of particles is lower than 60microns. By increasing the percentage of the added metal powder to the polymer matrix, on some of the tensile tests, the tensile strength was increased. Nevertheless, what is your opinion on the topic?

Best regards.

Greetings, powders are generally added to increase the hardness of the composite material, but their effect on tensile strength is not significant because it often causes weakness in tensile strength, but in some cases an effect appears, for example when adding nanomaterials.

Yes, by increasing the weight percentage of metal powder in the polymer field, the tensile strength may increase. The cause can also be related to the contact point of metal grains and polymers. As the contact surface of the polymer and metal grains increases, it can increase the tensile strength. However, a large increase in powder can reduce the strength because the contact surface of the polymer and metal grains is reduced (for example, more than 90% metal and 10% polymer)

Thank you Abbas Moghanizadeh for your contribution. this is helpful to understand the reaction between the reinforcement agent and the matrix.

Best regards.

Dear Hayder Abbas, you are right. As a result of this discussion, I certainly understood that the size and shape of the reinforcement particles have a crucial role in the aspect of tensile strength of the composite. the more size and non-uniform particles, the less adhesion between the reinforcement and matrix, also, resulting in decreasing the tensile strength of the composite.

Best regards.

I think it's dependent. Too many factors effecting tensile strength. Shape, size, properties of additive material. So, each case has a different results!

Thank you Abdullah Sikar Al-Issawi for your contribution. I have been looking for the most effective parameters on the tensile strength of 3D printed polymer-metal composite since the experiment started. I find out that a variety of factors affect mechanical properties, but, I still am looking forward to the most influential parameters mentioned before.

Best regards.