SIL is define as when transmission line loaded with Impedance equal to its Surge Impedance ignoring Resistance and conductance. When Surge impedance is equal to load impedance the sending end and receiving end voltages are equal.
Standing waves can occur in transmission lines at power system frequency under certain conditions. When a voltage wave travels along a transmission line, it encounters a load impedance at the end of the line. If the load impedance is not matched to the characteristic impedance of the line, a portion of the voltage wave is reflected back towards the source. This reflected wave can then interfere with the original wave, resulting in the formation of standing waves.
The formation of standing waves in a transmission line is influenced by various factors, including the length of the line, the characteristic impedance of the line, the load impedance, and the frequency of the voltage wave. In particular, the relationship between the load impedance and the surge impedance of the line can affect the likelihood and severity of standing waves.
The surge impedance of a transmission line is the characteristic impedance of the line when it is assumed to be infinitely long. When the load impedance of the line matches the surge impedance, there is no reflection of the voltage wave, and standing waves do not occur. However, if the load impedance is higher or lower than the surge impedance, some of the voltage wave is reflected back, leading to standing waves.
In summary, standing waves can occur in transmission lines at power system frequency, and the relationship between the load impedance and the surge impedance of the line can affect their formation.
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