Does "dark matter" make up large proportions of those galaxies?
Newtonian gravity behaves differently at very large scales of mass and distance, i.e., galaxy scales, in contra-indication to the assumption that massive quantities of invisible, or "dark matter" make up large proportions of those galaxies.
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Preston Guynn added a reply
Your discussion statement question is:
- "Does 'dark matter' make up large proportions of those galaxies? Newtonian gravity behaves differently at very large scales of mass and distance, i.e., galaxy scales, in contra-indication to the assumption that massive quantities of invisible, or 'dark matter' make up large proportions of those galaxies."
The phrase "Newtonian gravity" refers to a very specific equation relating mass and acceleration, so saying it behaves differently under some condition is not a correct usage of the phrase. Newtonian gravity is Newtonian gravity, and it gives incorrect results at scales greater than the solar system. There is a significant body of research on modified Newtonian gravity, and you can find it by searching on the phrase or "MOND".
Your question"Does dark matter make up large proportion of those galaxies?" is the question that numerous branches of research are investigating either experimentally or theoretically. First of course is the search for any experimental evidence of any matter that couples gravitationally but not via the electromagnetic field. No evidence of any such matter has been found. Second is that there is no such matter expected from current models such as the so called standard model of physics.
Even if there were some type of matter that couples gravitationally but not via electro-magnetic coupling, the number of non-conforming physical observations cannot be solved by such matter. The galaxies not only have a rotation that is unexplained by GR, but the galaxies interacting in clusters, and the clusters of galaxies interacting in superclusters could not simultaneously be described by such matter regardless of its distribution patterns. Additionally, gravitational lensing observed due to galaxies and clusters of galaxies could not be described by GR simply by applying such conjectured matter. The number of non-conforming observations cannot be solved by adding matter or energy, so general relativity should be abandoned as a dead end. Newtonian gravity does not apply, and no known modification of Newtonian gravity describes all the observed interactions. Modern physics will only progress when GR is abandoned and my research based on special relativity is adopted. See
Article The Physical Basis of the Fine Structure Constant in Relativ...
Article Thomas Precession is the Basis for the Structure of Matter and Space
For some insights on dark matter see :
Article Cold Dark Matter and Strong Gravitational Lensing: Concord o...
Abbas Kashani added a reply
Dear and respected Preston Gan
Researcher in Guynn Engineering
United States of America
You answered my question very well. Thank you very much for your excellent and technical explanations. You made me proud and I am happy for you because you are a great scientist. Thank you Abbas
Jouni Laine added a reply
According to my theory, the influence of quantum entanglement on spacetime curvature could provide an alternative explanation for the gravitational effects attributed to dark matter in galaxies. Traditional models suggest that large proportions of invisible “dark matter” are required to account for the observed gravitational behavior at galaxy scales. This is because, under Newtonian gravity, the visible mass of galaxies cannot account for the gravitational forces observed, leading to the hypothesis that there must be additional, unseen mass—dark matter.
However, my research proposes that quantum entanglement could be influencing spacetime curvature in a way that mimics the effects of this “missing” dark matter. If quantum entanglement can alter the curvature of spacetime, it might enhance the gravitational pull within galaxies without requiring massive quantities of unseen matter. This would mean that the observed discrepancies at galactic scales could be due to quantum entanglement effects rather than vast amounts of dark matter.
In this view, while dark matter has been the dominant explanation, it might be possible that the gravitational anomalies are instead the result of entanglement-induced modifications to spacetime. This theory could offer a new perspective on why Newtonian gravity appears to behave differently at large scales, suggesting that the need for dark matter could be reconsidered in light of quantum effects on gravity.
Abbas Kashani added a reply
Dear Johnny Line, greetings and respect
You answered my question very well. Thank you very much for your excellent and technical explanations. You made me proud and I am happy for you because you are a great scientist. Thank you Abbas
Forrest Noble added a reply
2 days ago
No ! Dark Matter, like Dark Energy, is simply a 'place holder' for an unknown source of energy which cannot presently be explained excepting via speculation and related hypotheses. If either or both do not exist, their replacement will do damage to, or also cause the replacement of mainstream cosmology, by far simpler but presently unrecognized alternative(s).
Courtney Seligman added a reply
4 hours ago
It is conceivable that the constant "G" varies according to where you are, but the only way to prove that is to be somewhere so far from here that we will never be able to prove it, which makes it a novel but scientifically pointless proposition (if there is no way to prove something, it cannot be considered scientifically reasonable because then you can invent thousands of explanations, only one of which (if any) that can be correct, which is a doomed explanation). "G" is certainly a constant everywhere within 30 thousand light-years from us, and there will never be any way to measure its value even at that distance, let alone hundreds of thousands or millions of light-years distant. So at the moment I would say that "dark matter" almost certainly exists IN GALAXIES, and possibly BETWEEN GALAXIES IN RICH CLUSTERS OF GALAXIES. However, whether it exists in the huge amounts posited by cosmologists EVERYWHERE is certainly "up in the air" in every sense of the phrase. And I'm reasonably certain that "dark energy" is a fantasy made up to explain something that doesn't need explaining.
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Newton's gravity is correct but incomplete in that it doesn't include time, energy, distortions of space, etc. all of which can make a difference in calculations under certain circumstances. The concluding assumption is that Einstein's gravity is correct.
But at the scale of galaxies neither theory is even close, off by a factor of 2 to 3 concerning some spiral galaxy velocities. To account for this great error of gravity theory, dark matter was invented and has become the favored explanation. Since dark matter has never been directly observed, some consider it only a temporary place holder for the real, valid explanation.
Mainstream cosmology has adopted dark matter as part of its theory, even though there are a great many other possible explanations to explain what is being observed other than dark matter. Dark matter has been adopted into mainstream theory because it can also explain the bending of light and field motion within galaxy clusters that other alternative mainstream gravity explanations cannot explain such as Modified Gravity proposals.
When the truth is finally discovered, I believe it will involve simpler explanations that do not require invisible or non-observable entities such as dark matter, dark energy, Inflation, etc.
What, if we look at gravitation as a wave-based mechanism?
Since gravitational waves are nothing else than fast disturbations (mostly encircling masses) of the gravitational field, and they propagate with c, this is a strong indication that gravitation itself is a based on waves, on wave-energy which is transported backwards to its source oscillator, its source particle and thus its mass.
If this is actually the case, then also resonance will take place:
Assume a galaxy bulge with all its masses. There is a huge number of electrons part of it, each generating a gravitational energy-backflow related to its intrinsic oscillator frequency, which is related to the electron's wavelength.
Assume further, that this gravitational energy-backflow is the more redshifted the farther away it is located from the source. Thus, the related frequency of the far-away location's gravitational energy-backflow is less than that generated by the source electron.
Now, assume that the distance (~1Mpc) generates a redshift of about 1/α=137, the inverse of the fine-structure constant. The frequency is then about 1/137 of the electron's intrinsic frequency. This frequency roughly matches the frequency of the generated gravitational energy-backflow of an electron, bound to a proton, so to speak, its circulation velocity around the proton, which is v=α∙c, thus, it matches the locally generated gravitational energy-backflow of its BOHR radius oscillation.
Due to resonance, this far-away electron, bound to its proton, reacts much stronger to the usually weak gravitational energy-backflow, than normal.
The effect is that the related particles, thus all atoms, masses, "feel" a much stronger gravitation at that distance ( about 1Mpc) from the main galaxie's mass. This is the effect of the so-called "Dark Matter". (We could re-translate "dark" as "resonant"...)
The redshift applied to electron wavelength is calculated as
zₑ = 2π∙K∙r/λₑ
with
K = 2G∙mᵥₑᵥ²/(ħc) = 8.13434(6)∙10⁻³⁴,
r distance between particles, and λₑ the electron's wavlelength. mᵥₑᵥ is the vacuum-energy-related mass (ZPE).
Roughly, with regarding resonance, we get a formula for the effective gravitation similar to
G_eff = Gₒ∙(1+2zₑ∙exp(-αzₑ))
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