I am generally interested in what has been studied (ex. maximum retention times), but also in genetic and environmental controls on cotyledon retention (ex. is it pretty standard in a species vs. does it vary according to growing conditions?).
I know about the Janos 1980 study on mycorrhizas and cotyledon retention (Janos, D. P. (1980). Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae affect lowland tropical rain forest plant growth. Ecology, 151-162.)
Kaoru Kitajima (Gainesville/Kyoto) worked a lot on tree seedlings and biomechanics of seedling leaves and cotyledons, may be You can find more information in one of her recent book chapters, and there is also a recent work (Leaf life span spectrum of tropical woody seedlings: effects of light and ontogeny and consequences for survival K Kitajima, RA Cordero, SJ Wright
Annals of botany 112 (4), 685-699) but this is not specifically on cotyledons,