It is great to benefit from the nature’s best ideas in our design. There are already very nice applications in engineering and it becomes more important in the future.

Biomimicry is the quest for innovation inspired by nature. Scientists and inventors inspire from nature's great achievements spider silk and tall grass, seashells and brain cells, photosynthesis and forests and adapt them for human use. Two design examples:

Architecture

When China hosted the Beijing Olympics in 2008, it wowed the world with architectural feats, chief among them the swimming center, dubbed the Watercube. The Watercube's design is based on the structure of soap bubbles, giving it a natural feel and earthquake resistance.

Transportation

Learning from kingfishers how to break through boundaries The Shinkansen Bullet Train was the fastest train in the world, traveling 200 miles per hour. The problem? Noise.Air pressure changes produced large thunder claps every time the train emerged from a tunnel, causing residents one-quarter a mile away to complain..

Where are the airplanes?

It is great to benefit from the nature’s best ideas in our design. There are already very nice applications in engineering and it becomes more important in the future.

Biomimicry is the quest for innovation inspired by nature. Scientists and inventors inspire from nature's great achievements spider silk and tall grass, seashells and brain cells, photosynthesis and forests and adapt them for human use. Two design examples:

Architecture

When China hosted the Beijing Olympics in 2008, it wowed the world with architectural feats, chief among them the swimming center, dubbed the Watercube. The Watercube's design is based on the structure of soap bubbles, giving it a natural feel and earthquake resistance.

Transportation

Learning from kingfishers how to break through boundaries The Shinkansen Bullet Train was the fastest train in the world, traveling 200 miles per hour. The problem? Noise.Air pressure changes produced large thunder claps every time the train emerged from a tunnel, causing residents one-quarter a mile away to complain..

Dear @Gobinath, the following link discusses and defines the Biomimicry research issue. 

http://uabiomimicry.org/

The University of Akron Biomimicry Research and Innovation Center (BRIC) is an initiative dedicated to the advancement of innovation inspired by nature. Together with our regional partners, we are building an internationally recognized center for biomimicry research, design, teaching and training.

The work of BRIC is to align the creative ideas of scientists, engineers, artists, and entrepreneurs to catalyze invention. By partnering our existing biomimetic research expertise with the Great Lakes Biomimicry (GLBio) business leaders, the BRIC paradigm lays the foundation for sustainable economic and educational innovation powered by nature-inspired technologies.  I hope that this helps.

Biomimicry is an approach to innovation that seeks sustainable solutions to human challenges by emulating nature’s time-tested patterns and strategies. The goal is to create products, processes, and policies—new ways of living—that are well-adapted to life on earth over the long haul.

The core idea is that nature has already solved many of the problems we are grappling with. Animals, plants, and microbes are the consummate engineers. After billions of years of research and development, failures are fossils, and what surrounds us is the secret to survival.

http://biomimicry.org/what-is-biomimicry/

Here are the airplanes

Birds = Jets

Birds have been able to boost the distance they're able to fly by more than 70 percent though the use of the V-shape. Scientists have discovered that when a flocks takes on the familiar V-formation, when one bird flaps its wings it creates a small updraft that lifts the bird behind. As each bird passes, they add their own energy to the stroke helping all the birds maintain flight. By rotating their order through the stack, they spread out the exertion.

A group of researchers at Stanford University thinks passenger airlines could realize fuel savings by taking the same tactic. The team, lead by Professor Ilan Kroo, envisions scenarios where jets from West Coast airports meet up and fly in formation en route to their East Coast destinations. By traveling in a V-shape with planes taking turns in front as birds do, Kroo and his researchers think aircraft could use 15 percent less fuel compared to flying solo.

http://www.mnn.com/earth-matters/wilderness-resources/photos/7-amazing-examples-of-biomimicry/birds-jets

Abbas Ibn Firnas (810–887 A.D.) is a good example of (Innovation inspired by nature). He studied birds, falling seeds, leaves, feathers, and bats and devoted more than 20 years to building what seems to have been the first modern glider, with wings sewn of silk, wood, and actual feathers. He jumped off the hillside into the wind and remained airborne for 10 minutes. Only upon landing did he remember that he had omitted a critical part of his design, something not unlike a bird's tail that allows it to control its descent. This important realisation came too late, because Ibn Firnas hit the ground fast and hard, breaking bones and leaving him in pain for the rest of his life, which lasted another 12 years. So he did survive to talk about his discovery, even if the outcome was less than perfect.

If gravity pulls everything down, why do helium balloons go up?

Gravity pulls on birds, too. In order to minimize the effects of gravity, birds are adapted to be as light as possible. These are some adaptations that help make birds light:

• Hollow bones

• Feathers

• Babies don't grow and develop inside the mothers' bodies. They develop in eggs outside their mothers' bodies.

• Birds eat foods that are very high in usable calories so they get as many calories as possible from from a small amount of food. Seeds, fruits, and meat (from prey) are the main food items for birds. Virtually no birds (except the Hoatzin, which lives in South America) eat leaves, which take a long time to digest. Their efficient digestion allows birds to get rid of useless weight very quickly.

• Birds don't have bladders. A bird urinates as soon as it has to, getting rid of the useless weight.

http://www.learner.org/jnorth/tm/FlightLesson.html

Dear Gopinath,

It's a very interesting question...Mother nature is our first teacher. One of the examples in architecture is the staircase in the Vatican museum.

It is innovation research inspired by nature

http://www.wildcenter.org/dig-in/mother-of-invention?gclid=CjwKEAiAhIejBRCKm_fTxIWyyXcSJABXY0XYeTVyRL_TRK-EcAEaP-qPbCd7DBJ0P5cK7n-k_wPhOxoCnI7w_wcB

Dear gopinath, Biomimicry is innovation from  the one adaptation of mother nature. for examples, thousand-legged worms is a inspiration of train innovation.

A good TED video from Michael Pawlyn (Author of the book: Biomimicry in Architecture)

How can architects build a new world of sustainable beauty? By learning from nature. At TEDSalon in London, Michael Pawlyn describes three habits of nature that could transform architecture and society: radical resource efficiency, closed loops, and drawing energy from the sun.

http://www.ted.com/talks/michael_pawlyn_using_nature_s_genius_in_architecture

This type of research focus on the form, processes, and systems found in nature. It is very often being used as innovative inspiration in architecture. History of  vertical architectural structures, witch attest to the aspiration to a higher reality, beyond the mundane, the commonplace, the earthbound is closely related to Biomimicry research.

http://theinspirationblog.net/showcases/examples-of-modern-architecture-inspired-by-nature/

http://www.dezeen.com/2014/03/10/sou-fujimoto-montpellier-tower-modern-follies/

Researchers have always looked to nature’s inventions as a source of inspiration.  In recent years these efforts have become more intensive, with researchers seeking rules, concepts, and principles of biology to inspire new possibilities in materials, mechanisms, algorithms, and fabrication processes.

Nature has often inspired solutions to science and engineering problems.

Advantages of Natural Designs

The following characteristics are observed are about solutions that currently exist in nature.

• Efficient use of materials and energy: biological organisms usually use the minimum amount of energy and materials needed for survival (Paturi 1976). The less they need, the easier it is to survive.
• High tolerance: Living systems can operate in a wide range of conditions relative to man-made systems (Affholter and Arnold 1999, David 1999). Tolerance relates to an organism’s ability to adapt to variation of its environment.
• Adaptable: Either through learning, evolution, or succession, biological systems adapt to their situation. Adaptability to changing conditions is the key to survival (Galbraith et al. 1989).
• Environmentally sustainable: Biological systems like natural ecosystems survive by recycling materials and energy (Benyus 1997).
• Precise: Biological synthesis is very precise (Paturi 1976) even though they require minimal energy, machinery and control relative to most man-made synthesizing methods (Bond et al. 1995).
• Diverse: The biological world offers a huge scope of solutions and adaptations. It is still largely undocumented.
• Suitable: Biological systems are always well suited to the given environment 1976).
• Self-Assembling: Through mechanisms like synthesis, reproduction, and succession, biological systems automatically create and re-create tissues (Bond et al. 1995), organisms and ecosystems, respectively

http://www.mie.utoronto.ca/labs/bidlab-pubs/Conference/2007_Shu_etal_ICED_FunctionBasedBiomimetic.pdf

Agree with  Behrouz Ahmadi-Nedushan