With water pressure from melting surface water sometimes exceeding the vertical ice load of 1 or 2 km, sub-horizontal hydraulic fractures are sometimes (often?) found some 10's of meters below the present rock surface in northern Scandinavia. They may be open and debris-filled and with high permeability. Any good references? (I do not see the point of the second circle/question below, but seems to be needed to 'activate' ASK!).