I need to create sp3 impurities on graphene lattice so I have to functionalize it somehow by covalently attached functional groups. I am looking for a method to attach big functional groups, not the atoms of Cl, or F, or H which is well known. Maybe somebody can help me with that. I would be happy to know some very easy solutions of this problem (e.g. heating in solution) without additional UV or laser treatment.
Please consult:
Impact of Chlorine Functionalization on High-Mobility Chemical Vapor
Deposition Grown Graphene
Xu Zhang,† Allen Hsu,† HanWang,† Yi Song,† Jing Kong,† Mildred S.
Dresselhaus,†,‡,* and Toma´ s Palacios†,*
VOL. 7 ’ NO. 8 ’ 7262–7270 ’ 2013, ACS NANO
http://www.rle.mit.edu/nmeg/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/pdf161.pdf
and its references..................
Thanks you very much, I've seen that article. It requires plasma etcher technique though. And as I mentioned I would be happy to know smth about attachment of big functional groups (not individual atoms like Cl) by some chemical treatment. Many thanks, anyway!
Hi Denis! The easiest way to attach covalently functional groups is the oxidation and then the acylation process that transforms the carboxy groups COOH to COCl. Then the formation of amide bonds becomes very easy. You have to advise the papers below to the eperimental section. I hope that will be helpful.
1) http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0008622312006422
2) http://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/am301204g
I suppose oxidation. Further you should perform any modification finalized with selected reduction to functionalized graphene.
Check my paper in Current Organic Chemistry.
Read this review article on CNT functionalization DOI: 10.1021/cr100018g.. choose what suits you,
Most published papers on "graphene functionalization" are just clones of CNT functionalization.
You can functionalize with hydroxyl or carboxylic moieties first by simple acid treatment technique and then functionalize by fatty acids using simple chemical solvation methods.
you can first oxidised graphene to GO (which is functionalized with carboxylic, hydroxyl, carbonyl and epoxy then you can do acylation , amination.......
Thanks you very much for these great recommendations! I'll have a look on all of them!
However, I would be happy to avoid oxidation of graphene itself.
The point is that, I am making graphene by sonication of graphite suspension in NMP. So can you think of any substances that I can add to this suspension, which can provide efficient covalent attachment to graphene crystallites. Maybe induced by heating or even UV irradiation.
Thanks for all recommendations though! I'll take all of them into account! Appreciate!
Graphene was reported to be also efficiently produced when both porphyrins and organic ammonium ions are present in a NMP solution to induce graphite exfoliation.
The porphyrin molecules linked on graphene surfaces might be removed only by thermal treatment, but porphyrin derivatives attached on graphene could be a simple way of solving your problem.
Wow, thank you very much, Eugenia! Didn't know that! I'll try soon. ;) Let you know then! Many thanks!
Please send a message to me about this. I hope 100% that you will be successful.
The porphyrin-graphene hybrid can be a good sensing material for gas detection (VOC, NOx, O2, CO2). I am very interested in this potential application.
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