A compact topological model which relates displacement and rotation isotropically leads to diverging geodesics. A volume of points which individually follow these geodesics becomes expanded during the transport.
The volume expansion red shifts electromagnetic energy transported with the volume. Receiving the enlarged volume after a long transport leads to the impression of a time dilatation.
What is the impact of this volume expansion on particles or matter transported along cosmic distances? Is there a loss of kinetic energy? Does this mean that a very weak static gravitational potential exists, which extracts energy from movements over cosmic distances?
Attachment: Description of the model
The model relates an orientation O=(x/R, y/R, z/R) to a point P=(x,y,z) and also relates a rotation vector V=(dx/R,dy/R,dz/R) to a displacement D=(dx,dy,dz).The axes of the rotation operation is perpendicular to the orientation O and the rotation vector V. R is in the range of about 14 billion light years.
The model has the following properties:
The coupling properties of the three axis rotation operations cause the divergence of the geodetic lines. The rotation operation takes place in an image space. A displacement operation in the native space includes a transformation to the image space, a rotation and a back transformation. The Quaternion formalism allows finding the diverging properties of the geodesics in a straight forward way.