Can anyone recommend biomarkers which are associated with prostate cancer and which may may usefully in its diagnosis? Because PSA is having issues with sensitivity as a biomarker.
So far there are no biomarkers available for this request. PCA3 does not perform well at early detection. TIP5 is still under investigation. You should run more than one marker (multiplexed analysis).
The PHI algorithm which depends on measuring total, free and pro2PSA is superior to PSA (or f/t PSA), but in general - no there is nothing better than PSA and it's derivatives. Under ROC analysis, PHI has an AUC of 0.75 whereas f/t PSA is 0.65 and PSA alone is 0.55-0.60.
PCA3 is less sensitive but more specific than PSA, but relies on the collection of a prostatic fluid sample (obtained from the penis after prostatic massage) to achieve this, at an order of magnitude increase in cost (and inconvenience).