In an early, highly influential book in the field of Internet studies, The Virtual Community (1993), Howard Rheingold wrote that “the idea of a community accessible only via my computer screen sounded cold to me at first, but I learned quickly that people can feel passionately about e-mail and computer conferences. I’ve become one of them --added Rheingold--. I care about these people I met through my computer”.

Online groups have some advantages over real, offline communities. A social networking site such as RG is joined by people from a unique diversity of backgrounds, countries and demographics. What brings us together is a common interest: research, science, a particular discipline or topic. We are able to communicate with each other and share and exchange information beyond constraints of space and time.

But human relationships are not just a matter of information exchange. Feelings and trust are essential. Online communication has disadvantages in this respect, because it transmits much less nonverbal cues than face-to-face interaction: facial expressions, vocal intonations, gestures, postures and movements, on which mutual impressions and emotions are based.  

To what extent can we talk about a “genuine community” if the relationships among its members lack at least some sense of attachment?

“The poverty of social cues in computer-mediated communication inhibits interpersonal collaboration and trust”, said one of the main experts on social capital, Robert D. Putnam (Bowling Alone, 2000). Because of this, “computer-based groups are quicker [than real life groups] to reach an intellectual understanding of their shared problems”, but “they are much worse at generating the trust and reciprocity necessary to implement that understanding”. Putnam adds: “Building trust and goodwill is not easy in cyberspace”. Cheating would be more common online than offline.

However, the current massive diffusion of social media has proven that “a major facet of social networking and part of its vast success” lies in “the communicational desires and motivations –the need to connect and relate to others” (Fenton, 2012, in Curran, J., et al.: Misunderstanding the Internet). This author notes that “social media have been invested with the ability to facilitate the development of strong relations with family members and friends and weaker relations with a range of acquaintances”.

What are your views on these arguments?

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