Metacognition is about thinking about thinking or learning about learning, and it makes up a vital component of learning. Consequently, it is about a self-assessment on thinking or learning. For us to perform this self-assessment, we necessarily need a reference model of learning and education for the purpose of comparison. When we compare our thinking or learning with the ideal reference model, we get to know where we stand and what adjustments are needed for improvement. In effect, the starting point of engaging in metacognitive practices is to have a fundamental understanding of what learning and education are in a deeper and true sense. Ideally, the meaning of learning and education should have a lasting value such as achieving higher levels of human development with enhanced consciousness or wisdom.

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