There's been a lot recent research investigating how diet impacts intestinal microbiota - many studies manipulate energy density or nutrient quality of diet and show that these parameters can affect certain bacterial species. Specifically, I'm interested in whether increasing food consumption without manipulating dietary composition can alter the gut microbiota.
Surely the timing of diet during the day matters. Eg having food available all day or only at night.
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0092867413004625
What is known about the microbiota in relation to health and disease has increased exponentially in recent years. In most studies, the diet composition is directly associated with the microbiota structure, but other factors are also related. One of them is the metabolic status of the host. In this sense, if the diet is altered in abundance (although the proportion of nutrients is maintained), and these changes resulted in obesity or the development of some other diseases (e.g. diabetes), surely the microbiota will also present modifications associated with pathways activated with the pathologic process. Moreover, as Gerco commented, the time of day at which food is consumed and fasting periods also have influence and should be considered.
If the diet is altered in abundance there may not be sufficient stomach acid and digestive enzyme production to digest to the same extent as before since the body takes time to adapt to new levels of food intake. In that case partially digested protein and carbohydrate in particular would increase fungal and bacterial populations which are able to exploit these food sources.
This brief article below touches on a study which indicated that bacterial populations respond in as short a time scale as a day to changes between e.g. plant to meat and meat to plant based diet.
http://www.medicaldaily.com/gut-bacteria-rapidly-changes-diet-gut-microbiome-more-sensitive-previously-believed-264899
According to your question, no. However, you should know that any changes in feed can affect on intestinal bacteria.
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