I have been looking for an option to publish my paper without paying publication fees since I an independent researcher with no funds. I understand that some journals have both open access, which requires me to pay, and also the subscription business model. However, I am still confused about the subscription-based type specifically in terms of the publication fee by authors.
There is no direct connection between the subscription business model of a journal and publication fees. Whether there is a publication fee or not depends on the finance model of the journal in general. Some journals have low costs and sells well or get donations, so they may publish without fees for authors. But the author has not to care about this, and you will hardly find much public information about the finance model of a journal. You just have to look into the instructions for authors whether there is a fee or not.
Some journals are "hybrid", it means they are publishing both open access (with publication fees) and toll access articles. It is the choice of the author to make the article open access or not. Many open access journals do not have publication fees, because they have other financing sources. They are often called "diamond" or "platinum". You can find them in the DOAJ, Directory of Open Access Journals.
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