Hi (Ahoj!) Lukáš,

My answer is comprehensive and general. I dealt with the legal and non-legal sphere of international relations in my dissertation. I tried to specify the term of international regulation (see Krasner - a researcher from the IR field), especially with meanings of words as a regulation, norm, decision-making procedure.

The specification of the concepts based on the literature from legal philosophy, mainly. The legal philosophy is probably a marginal field of law science.

For clarification of the meanings, the information from the legal philosophy was beneficial for me.

In my opinion, both are correlated and interrelated. Both are felids of Political and Social Sciences.

INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS IS THE WAYS AND MEANS; DIPLOMACY ADDS IN THE ENDS/GOALS AND RISKS. YES, THEY ARE INTERELATED BUT CAN BE DISTINCT IN THE ABOVE SENSE. PROPER EXECUTION OF NATIONAL POLICY, PARTICULARLY, NATIONAL SECURITY POLICY REQUIRES IR AND DIPLO INTEGRATED ACROSS THE DIME-FIL. CAN YOU SAY EXECUTING THE NATIONAL SECURITY REQUIREMENTS OF CORONA VIRUS DEFENSE IS NOT AN IR AND DIPLO OPERATION?

The science of diplomacy evolved from infancy during classical antiquity, matured during the medieval and modern eras when it became to be viewed respectively as an instrument, or revolutionary and moral template for peaceful negotiations and reconciliation. Its theoretical, political and legal academic sophistication has expanded the office and profession of diplomats ambassadorially inspite of of its literary and technological criticism to the contrary.

In international politics, nations aim to maximise their national interests in the global political space, through multiple strategic approaches. Diplomacy (negotiation, mediation, lobbying, relations- bi-lateral/multi-national lateral) is one of channels for advancing political agenda of nations in the international arena. Also, through diplomacy a nation is directed on the path of strategic politics to follow in order to attain their set foreign policy agenda.

In broader meaning the diplomacy encompasses all the international relations including political process but in narrow meaning it is understood to define the peacefull ways among foreign policy tools. Diplomacy, ie, is to solve the political and security problems with peacefull ways instead of military, economic and other hard power instruments.

Diplomacy, the law of international treaties / agreements and international politics are highly embedded in political analysis. They are typical areas of international relations and coexist theoretically and analytically for a long time. Therefore, they are inseparable dimensions in a serious or long-term investigation or study.

There is always debate about politics and law. For example, how do we blend issues pertaining to human rights and sovereignty? Does international law really effective in maintaining international order? As for diplomacy, to my humble view, is the means to achieve political ends.

International law, in general, principles that the political and institutional processes based on, and neither of them can be seperable theoratically, since the international law is the general principles, rules, regimes and decision-making processes but in practice occasionally political inititatives which are in the hand of sovereign states may not depend on the international law, such as unilateral interventions and preemptive wars

Dear Lukáš Mareček , this web page on science diplomacy is good resource for your research question.

Science diplomacy is broadly understood as a series of practices that stand at the intersection of the two fields. These practices can help to address global challenges, promote understanding, and increase influence and prosperity. Science diplomacy has been divided into three phenomena: science for diplomacy – the use of science to advance diplomatic objectives; diplomacy for science – the use of diplomatic action to further scientific and technological progress; and science in diplomacy – the direct involvement of science or scientific actors in diplomatic processes...

https://www.science-diplomacy.eu/

Mass sanctions against Russian universities will not solve Ukrainian academia’s problems, says Ararat Osipian, a founding fellow of the New University in Exile Consortium...

https://www.timeshighereducation.com/blog/mass-sanctioning-russia-will-not-solve-ukrainian-academias-problems?utm_source=newsletter&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=editorial-daily

Options for science diplomacy in the face of Russia’s war

Science diplomacy has many faces. One of them is viewing scientific collaboration as a possible tool to keep dialogue lines open between states in conflict. The rationale is that scientists speak the same ‘language’, which can weave cultures together and build trust, irrespective of political animosities between governments. But, as Doubravka Olšáková and Sam Robinson have argued: “Science diplomacy is primarily an instrument for times of peace.” What are the options for science diplomacy in moments of crisis such as the current Russian aggression in Ukraine?

https://www.universityworldnews.com/post.php?story=20220608141852914

As international higher education, research and innovation faces a more competitive, nationalistic, turbulent world, we should embrace the potential of using knowledge diplomacy – based on reciprocity and mutual benefits – to help resolve national, regional and global challenges and strengthen relations between and among countries...

https://www.universityworldnews.com/post.php?story=20230425154744243&utm_source=newsletter&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=GLNL0737

Traditionally, Diplomacy is the act of acquiring the required knowledge, skills with pragmatic and strategic approaches by nations to attain the set goals of their national interests in relationships with other nations, international institutions, agencies and organisations of the world, even at the gross detriment of the global community. This mindst is the bane of conflicts across our contemporary world. Rethinking Diplomacy based on the principles of Systems Theory and Variable-Sum Game Theory - every nation needs each other for peaceful coexist, harmony and sustainable development, because poorly managed conflicts of interests among nations potends danger to the international community as currently evidenced in Russia - Ukraine scenerio.