Dear Jose Antonio Reglero Ruiz, may be additional details are needed. At first look the solvation power should be different, though you didn't mentionned the name of the polymer. My Regards
Provided that the polymer is soluble in both solvents (and it may or may not be the case), the solubilization can be different due to the different polarity of ethanol and 2-butanone. The presence of a labile proton in EtOH is also a point of difference. On the other hand, the boiling point is similar (78-80 °C), and they are both flammable and irritant.
Main differences can then be due to the higher or lower affinity of your polymer to the two solvents.
Thanks a lot for your answers. I believe that the solubility of our polymers is similar in 2-butanone and ethanol, but maybe the solubility of the carnauba wax is different. What do you think?