For creating customized Linux doesn't matter embedded or not, one will need C. Additionally, depending upon your level of customization you may need knowledge of Assembly level programming too. C++ is more for application development rather than system development.
what I ask about that the foundations like YOCTO and Mentor talk about the ability of building embedded Linux image for ARM architecture and Atom by using C++. I like C++ because it is easier than C and gives more tools to build networking projects like router and firewall. l aim to build a network embedded image by using Linux. what make me confused that every where I see Linux developers using C not C++. I am afraid of compiling errors if I use C++.
No, I don't mean that. from the beginning, please look to the description of the question.
C or C++ codes will be not uploaded to the hardware so I am not ask about that, it is the job of the compiler which make it a machine language. please take a look at
I never said that there are libraries used in the kernel. I never mention kernel word or libraries.
I am not mean that, when I say it, I was mean that there is a large deference between the kernel, kernel image and kernel adopted with modules. Please acknowledge
there are Linux OS ( many distributions) and there are embedded Linux ( came as images of OS , its extended is .img)
if you program with C or C++ and use C compiler or C++ compiler respectively, there were an errors in compiling (usually happen ) if you deal with embedded Linux building.
please see the dealing with an embedded appliance like ARM boards. 8086 microprocessor is gone.