Descriptive research is used to describe characteristics of a population or phenomenon being studied. It does not answer questions about how/when/why the characteristics occurred. Three main purposes of descriptive studies can be explained as describing, explaining and validating research findings.[ Shields, Patricia and Rangarjan, N. 2013. A Playbook for Research Methods: Integrating Conceptual Frameworks and Project Management.]
The major limitation of this type of research is that you cannot prove the causality since these studies have no comparison groups. Hypotheses derived from descriptive studies are often tested in by analytical studies.You can go through the following links to get more information regarding descriptive research