Hello all,
i am new to water chemistry, i have been looking at trends in the water chemistry parameters, and found there is significant decreasing trend in Stream-water temperature, Ca, Mg, Na, and chloride along with discharge both in the monsoon and non-monsoon seasons.
Like From Jan 1994, Jan 1995, Jan 1996...... Jan 2018 (for Non-Monsoon period) Sept 1994, sept 1995, sept 1996...................Sept 2018 (Monsoon period)
Note- watershed (1000 km2 drainage area, Western Ghats, India) is free from dams and other water structures.
What could be possible drivers of trends in the above parameters?
Please provide your valuable suggestions.
Thanks in advance.
Regards
Rajat
please check the below link
Technical Report Developments in monitoring the effectiveness of the EU Nitra...
Poster Long-term and high frequency hydrochemical monitoring in a s...
Technical Report Developments in monitoring the effectiveness of the EU Nitra...
A couple of my earliest Researchgate entries and citations may be informative, even though different conditions. Many water quality parameters have influence from flow rate (discharge), and in part often due to rainfall dilution effect, runoff and movement of sediment and other non-point pollutants and nutrients during storms. You may find a hysteresis effect with markedly higher values during rising limb of hydrograph, and lower rates as hydrograph recedes. Geology and groundwater and its chemistry influences contribute to varying degrees as some streams loose water to groundwater, while others gain water inputs from groundwater for substantial periods of time. There are many books and papers on the subject, as well as professional or informational courses. It is not unusual to find these trends. Stream temperature in many locations increases in the summer growing season as more solar radiation, higher temperatures with lower streamflow often combine to elevate temperatures. Streams heavily augmented by groundwater or springflow as well as dense forest cover have substantially less effect than conditions without these benefits. In one of my studies, mountain streams without dense forest cover actually had lower winter temperatures, so forested stream buffers may have a moderating effect on temperature extremes in both summer and winter. It is highly useful to have recording water levels to estimate flow rates with time. A relative moderate expense tool for this is transducer (vented or barometric adjusted unvented). Streams with excessive sediment may contribute to transducer fouling, but properly installed, they can collect high quality data for weeks or months without service. The USGS collects flow data every 15 minutes, and appropriate for your study area. For small catchments, more frequent readings may be needed. A variety of tools or techniques are available to collect samples during storms or more routinely, if ample research funding exists.
Dear Rajat Kumar Sharma
Flow rate, rainwater dilution and stormwater runoff have considerable effects on Ca Mg and Cl concentrations. I would like to suggest this research article for your further references:
Article Countrywide Groundwater Quality Trend and Suitability for Us...
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