I am currently working on a vibration based monitoring system project. I am using a sensing unit composing of accelerometer (ADXL345), microcontroller and zigbee pro.
I want to know what axis is crucial to monitor on structural buildings?
By default, the Z axis is used, it is suggested to ask the constructor of building or check the technical documentation for this type of object as the forces work - (truss).
Well, which axis is more useful depends on how you deploy your sensor and how the vibration signal propagates.
However, I think it is would be straightforward for you to measure the 3-axis signal at the same time. So, it would be better for you to obtain all the 3-axis signal and do the analysis on the signal to find your answer.