Haohao Chen, anything that causes that much interstitial edema as to rupture the tender connection between oligodendrocytes and myelin sheaths can be expected to cause central nervous tissues to demyelinate.

The longest-known demyelinating agent is mechanical concussion with its shearing effects (Hans Schmaus, Munich, experimental spinal concussion of the late 1890ies; Bunge & Bunge's CSF-barbotage lesions of the early 1960s)