The idea is good and can lead to good results, especially since there is old research in ideas close to that, but the question is are there any side effects for that .. Experiments will prove that.

Refik Kanjhan,

There have been several claims made by dairy manufacturers that drinking cow milk will help you fight COVID-19, but they were all debunked by the CDC:

https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/prevent-getting-sick/prevention.html

That being said, the claims above were built on the understanding that lactoferrin, Vitamin C and zinc strengthen the immunity and help fight off or even prevent COVID-19, which is a bit misleading to say especially when the CDC clearly states:

"There is currently no vaccine to prevent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

The best way to prevent illness is to avoid being exposed to this virus."

It is also not yet known whether SARS-CoV-2 can be found in human milk, as it hasn't been detected yet in breast milk (let alone cow milk).

May be

Best way is to protect yourself if you can, do not believe any presumptive statements from the world. In Delhi, 3000 in Nizamudeen, Jamat conference people did not listen to Government and went ahead with conference at the end of March, spread virus, some died, everyone believed, allah is with them, many are in quarantine and they spread a lot in many parts of India when they went back to their cities from the conference.

Refik Kanjhan ,WHO and CDC have not confirmed yet clearly whether COVID-19 could be in the breast milk of an infected mother without having symptoms, since most of influenza virus spread through respiratory droplets as proved by the scientific studies.

WHO and CDC recommend that mothers with any symptoms who are breastfeeding or practicing skin-to-skin contact should take precautions, since, its still unknown that whether mothers with COVID-19 can transmit the virus via breast milk. Therefore, still I think we cant confirm that breast milk can be used to increase the immunity of a COVID-19 patients.

Dear Firas and Praneeth,

My question is not about consumption of milk, or Covid-19 infection via breast milk. My question is about, can the cows generate anti-Covid-19 antibodies if inoculated with inactivated corona virus? If so, can antibodies be isolated from the milk obtained from these animals and then given to the sick, elderly, or people under risk such as health workers and people with compromised immune system?

Thanks

Refik Kanjhan,

I don't think there's enough (or even any) evidence to support the availability of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in milk, be it breast milk or cow milk.

That being said, I found an article that discussed the availability of SARS-CoV antibodies (which is related to SARS-CoV-2) in breast milk:

Article SARS and pregnancy: A case report

The delivered female infant was healthy and suffered no complications whatsoever.

Even when there is not still evidence about this protection trough SARS-Cov2 antibodies by breastfeeding human milk (or from cow milk), your question is very probably under investigation...protective antibodies are the focus righ now because of timing of this outbreak.

The Italian Society of Neonatology has said:

"It is likely, although not yet documented, that in breast fed infants specific SARS-CoV-2 antibodies can pass from the mother with COVID-19 to the infant within a few days of onset of the disease, modulating the clinical expression of the infant's infection"

https://www.uenps.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/14marzo.SIN_UENPS0.pdf

Dear Firas and Jacqueline,

Thank you for your answers and input. I picked milk cows, because they can produce so much milk everyday at around 20-30 litres per day, and if they can produce significant levels of antibodies against inactivated Covid-19 after a week or so following inoculation. Patients and people at risk may be given raw milk obtained from these animals. If it works, each cow may be able to save hundreds or thousands of people.

Dear Refik, each host specie is infected for different coronavirus but related, these coronaviruses are a family. So this new sars-cov-2 probably won't infect the cow, cows are infected by another coronavirus (have to check it). Even when you can infect cows (it could happen because they are muting and adapting to other hosts), the humoral immune response, specifically in terms of protection and neutralization of these antibodies from milk cows (if they are in this compartment and if they are really protective) probably is different to protect humans. There are some important aspects to consider in your question. Best regards!

Cow milk naturally often has antibodies to bovine coronavirus (plus the lactoferrin). The question is will these antibodies and lactoferrin offer some protection against covid-19. Not just prevent it but also decrease the severity.

https://vixra.org/abs/2003.0279

----------------------------------------------------------------------------- http://www.wisconsinagconnection.com/story-national.php?Id=631&yr=2020 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ https://www.midwestfarmreport.com/2020/03/26/cheese-maker-chinese-study-shows-milk-helping-with-health/ --------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://en.tempo.co/read/1318220/ntb-governor-endorses-anti-coronavirus-wild-horse-milk ------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://coconuts.co/bali/news/vp-maruf-amin-jokes-on-benefits-of-wild-horse-milk-to-ward-off-coronavirus/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0023710 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------

https://www.google.com/search?newwindow=1&sxsrf=ALeKk00e3kG8Q3PO7fHyJrj9FJP6z7UYdQ%3A1585589566287&ei=Pi2CXq-VEZXRtAaa07tI&q=bovine++coronavirus+antibodies&oq=bovine++coronavirus+antibodies&gs_lcp=CgZwc3ktYWIQAzoECAAQQzoCCAA6BAgjECc6BQgAEM0CUJK_H1j56x9g3PcfaABwAHgAgAHeAYgBzguSAQU2LjYuMZgBAKABAaoBB2d3cy13aXo&sclient=psy-ab&ved=0ahUKEwivrO623cLoAhWVKM0KHZrpDgkQ4dUDCAs&uact=5 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ https://jvi.asm.org/content/80/24/12350#sec-20

Without demeaning anyone, this question lacks scientific rigor, such as the American associations that promote the consumption of pork, or the multivitamin industries promoting vitamin C. Also, thinking about doing a clinical trial that compares whether or not to consume cow's milk is not feasible, much less suggesting millions and millions of people to drink cow's milk.

Article ¿Es hora de regular los productos y suplementos herbales?

Article APROXIMACIÓN PREVENTIVA A LAS ENFERMEDADES CRÓNICAS NO TRANS...

Lactoferrin is a recognized immunmodulator and antimicrobial glycoprotein. Its antiviral spectrum is wide as well as the mechanisms involved. Part of the claiming about the potential effect of Lf against SARS-Cov2 comes from a paper published in 2011 by Lang et al. which showed that Lf interferes with the entrance of a pseudo SARS-Cov virus to HEK cells in vitro. Of course a translation from there to a recommendation for COVID 19 treatment or prevention is not correct, but I think it deserves further investigation given that, in addition to Lang´s study, in the few clinical trials performed with Lf to test the effect on the risk to acquire an upper respiratory tract infections, it was reported a reduction of episodes and severity of symptoms and it was also safe and well tolerated. URTI is very different from COVID 19 but I think is worth trying. If well done research is performed to build evidence about the effect of Lf in reduction of risk of infection by SARS Cov2, it will be a fast and easy strategy to contribute to the reduction of infection or severity of the disease if taken as a preventive measure. No single intervention will be the answer to this complex disease but rather a summatory of efforts from different perspectives.

A very recent preprint concerning what Ana Lucia Miranda Angulo posted.

" Lactoferrin (Lf) is a naturally occurring and non-toxic glycoprotein that is orally available as a nutritional supplement and has established in vitro anti-viral efficacy against a wide range of virus including SARS-CoV, a closely related corona virus to SARS-CoV-2 (virus that causes COVID-19). "

See:

Preprint Lactoferrin as potential preventative and treatment for COVID-19

Dear Dr Refik Kanjhan

I do have thought about similar idea that you have raised in your comments which could be helpful in development of Covid-19 antibodies. However i am not the expert person provide my personal opinion on this topic, but i have discussed about this approach with a clinician and also with a professor working on zoonotic diseases. As i get any update over the issue, i will update it at my earliest.

Thank you

Rohit

As we know, milk has many biological factors, particularly in the colostral phase, that are important for human health. Such as. lactoferrin, Serum Albumin, lysozyme and immunoglobuline

If the cow's milk is fresh and has no phthogenic germs, you can use it against coronavirus. In this situation the immune system is strengthened and the coronavirus is prevented.

Is a good idea but....it assumes that antibodies against coronavirus can survive milk pasteurization and human stomach gastric environment ...

Dear Ana Lucia Miranda Angulo and Henry Anton Kuska,

That is an interesting idea, and could be an additional benefit to what I was asking. Indeed lactoferrins may bring in extra protection. My question is about primarily and actively injecting cows with inactivated Covid-19 virus/or viral particles. Would such stimulation of cows would activate their immune systems and produce antibodies that may be harvested from the cows milk?

Thanks,

Refik

Dear Maurizio Dioli,

Good point. Fresh milk from healhty animals usually sterile, and therefore may be possible to consume unpasteurized under the circumtances. One can also always freeze milk to keep it reasonably sterile rather then pasteurize. New born usually consume milk non-pasteurized and they build their immunity to many pathogens initiall via colostrum and then milk. Therefore it is possible that antibodies as proteins may be able survive the stomach acidic conditions.

Thank you,

Refik

According to Chavasit et al., 2002, Fat-soluble Vitamin A can increase immunity against Measles virus, Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Avian Coronavirus,

Water-soluble Vitamin B complexes was reported for MERS‐CoV; Ventilator‐induced Lung Injury in where milk and milk made food can be the option to acieve the mentioned vitamins.

Dear Refik Kanjhan

thank you but I am not convinced!

Health is not a fixed permanent status particularly in an intensive livestock set up and with the presence of common zoonotic diseases with very little symptoms in the affected cattle. A healthy cattle today may be a diseased cattle in a week time so therefore pasteurization will always be a prerequisite for widely distributed commercial milk.

The digestive system of a newborn is different than the digestive system of an adult. Is a well known fact that colostrum is most effective just a few hours after birth not in adult life.

Nice question well discussed.

Dear Refik Kanjhan

I am not very expert on this subject. I study animal products, but I belive that the road is not the one indicated by you for a simple molecule, a sialic, that we don't have, wiles the cows has, this is the Neu5Gc. The Neu5Gc doesn't allow a strong bond between ACE2 and virus, differently by Neu5Ac (which humans like all animals have and togheter with other sialic acids show bond much stronger with virus and ACE2). Because of the presence of Neu5Gc in the immune system of cows, I believe that the Sars Cov 2 would not have the same course that have in men, in bats, in cats with of group B and so on. Therefore the virus would not produce antibodies such as to be transferred to man with milk. Then SARS in cows doesn't attack well with ACE2 in a stable way. But anyway, because of this I believe that cow's milk could be an excellent source of Neu5Gc for humans . This sialic, as happens in other cases in our immune system, could replace Neu5Ac making it less superabundant and with lower ability to bind the virus to ACE2. Moreover an Ace2 + Neu5Gc + SARS complex would be more easily attacked by the antibodies against Neu5Gc that we already have, nullifying his entry into the pulmonary alveolus. I found some suggestions in research carried out with other coronaviruses in the past. So milk could be an important food but not a cure. This hypothesis could also justify why non-newborn children present the disease asymptomatically (children drink a lot of milk) and why older people get sick more easily (the elderly man eats little meat and does not drink milk).

Dear Refik,

I would caution you not to do it. If not completely inactive, introducing a viral infection into your cattle herd, may lead to an incredibly bad result given the frequency of persistent mycoplasma respiratory infections found in cattle herds worldwide, which are most often very difficult to eradicate.

Consider the following example: M. fermentans, is a known human pathogen, and is phylogenetically very close to M. bovis and other gliding mycoplasma species, commonly known to infect cattle.

In a New York Times, published on 01-16-1990, Dr. Lawrence K. Altman interviewed "Dr. Shyh-Ching Lo, a scientist at the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology in Washington" . Dr. Shyh-Ching Lo discovered the M. fermentans (Incognitus strain), in 22 of 32 autopsy specimens of AIDS patients.

After reading the article, what is most applicable to this discussion and of great concern, is that 6 military personnel, without an HIV infection, all located at different sites around the world, died within 1 to 7 weeks of contracting "a mysterious flu-like illness with persistent fevers" . All six were found to be infected with M. fermentans (Incognitus strain).

If a co-infection exists, and given the opposing host immune responses for bacterial infections versus viral infections, with regard to IL(Interleukin)-6 and IL-10, would one or both infectious agents become uncontrolled, as the result of a deadly "Cytokine storm" ? Are we seeing this scenario with COVID-19?

Inactivated virus means the virus is rendered uninfectious using chemicals such as formaldehyde, or heat prior to inoculation to animals. Because inactivated virus is not able to multiply in the host, one will need large quantities of the virus. This would be a major limitation of such hypothetical experiment or question.

Other bacteriological agents in the milk can be identified, if present may be dealt with antibiotics.

Article On Facing the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) with Combination of Nano...

Milk and milk products (eg yohurt) are also rich in Vitamin D. A recent study reported that Vitamin D deficiency is common among severe cases of COVID-19 (reference, https://futurism.com/neoscope/vitamin-deficiency-covid-deaths). Therefore milk consumption by boosting Vitamin D levels may also indirectly help reduce the severity of the disease. Although aforementioned study has not been peer reviwed yet, many health benefits of Vitamin D have previously reported by many studies.

Henry Anton Kuska - Lf preprint seems to have withdrawn: https://osf.io/mdpxc/

Lactoferrin in milk can also enhance resistance.

Related to my question and the discusion here, I have come across this interesting reading in Nature Briefing (4 May 2020) : COVID-19 coronavirus outbreak Convalescent serum treatment on the rise

Treating people with the antibody-laden blood of those who have already survived an infection is a century-old approach to battling viruses. Evidence for its efficacy against COVID-19 is thin on the ground, but it has two big advantages over new treatments: it’s available now and it’s relatively safe, as long as the blood is screened. In the United States and the United Kingdom, major efforts have begun to spur plasma donations from survivors. And large pharma companies are joining forces to develop antibody products purified from the pooled plasma of donors, or produced in genetically modified cattle.

Nature Biotechnology | 10 min read

Efforts to develop recombinant H-Ig-like products are underway as well. Most advanced is SAb Biotherapeutics, which is collaborating with CSL Behring and BARDA to develop SAB-185, a polyclonal human antibody cocktail obtained from the plasma of transgenic cattle immunized with the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. The platform, which involves introducing the full complement of human antibody genes on an artificial chromosome, has spent two decades in development. “We ‘bovinized’ portions of the human antibody genes,” SAB CEO and cofounder Eddie Sullivan says. The amino acid sequence of the resulting antibodies are still fully human, but the genes contain bovine regulatory elements that optimize their expression in bovine plasma cells. The company is following a hybrid regulatory pathway originally opened more than a decade ago by Revo Biologics (formerly GTC Biotherapeutics) for the production of Atryn (recombinant human antithrombin) in the milk of transgenic goats. It involves the FDA’s Center for Veterinary Medicine (CVM) and its Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research. “CVM reviews the animal platform; CBER regulates the antibody product itself,” Sullivan says.

SAb has already demonstrated the feasibility of the approach with a different antibody cocktail, SAB-301, directed against the spike protein of another lethal coronavirus, Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). In a placebo-controlled phase 1 trial in 38 healthy volunteers, SAB-301 demonstrated a placebo-like safety profile and, importantly, those who received the cocktail did not develop an antibody response against any of its components, Sullivan says. The final antibody preparation is highly purified to minimize the presence of any bovine material. When fully up and running, the production process is highly efficient. “We’re hyperimmunizing the animals so we develop very high antibody titers to the virus,” says Sullivan. Fully grown animals — which are all clones of the same genotype — produce up to 45 liters per month and antibody yields of up to 25 grams per liter. “This is a system that is very scalable,” Sullivan says. SAb is producing “a few hundred” animals this year. Once they have grown sufficiently, it will be able to start scaling SAB-185 production, assuming it proves to be safe and effective. SAb expects to start trials by early summer.

Nice discussion and will help to rich our knowledge regarding fight against COVID-19. However, it is well known that cow milk, a balanced diet and ideal food for human being which help to grow our immune system to fight against disease.

This title is similar to an earlier one posted, but is a different published reviewed, research paper:

http://ijrhs.org/article/2020/8/1/105530ijrhs813

Title: "Liposomal Lactoferrin as Potential Preventative and Cure for COVID-19"

Abstract:

"A prospective observational study was performed in 75 patients with typical symptoms of COVID-19 who tested positive to IgM/IgG rapid test. Patients were isolated and treated at home using remote systems, reviewed twice a day for 10 days, and followed up to 1 month. A liposomal bovine lactoferrin (LLF) nutritional syrup food supplement (32 mg of LF/10 ml plus 12 mg of vitamin C) was administered orally in 4 to 6 doses per day for 10 days. In addition, a zinc solution was administered at the dose of 10 mg/10 ml twice or three times a day. A control group of 12 patients who took only LLF was included. All family members in contact with patients (256 persons) were also treated with half of this dose. The treatment allowed a complete and fast recovery in all patients (100%) within the first 4-5 days. Same treatment at lower dose prevented the disease in healthy persons directly related with the affected patients. Weakness (95%) followed by a dysfunction in the perception of smelling and tasting (88%), cough (83%), muscular pain (67%) were the most frequent complains. LF possess antiviral, immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects which might be important for the treatment of COVID-19 infection. We conclude that LLF potentially prevent and cure COVID 19 infection."

I'm also studying whether liposomal lactoferrin can prevent virus. Your research makes me very surprised and happy. Thank you for your message

I envision cell fusion of liposome lactoferrin with the antibodies of the virus to achieve the best results

The idea is good and can lead to good results, especially since there is old research in ideas close to that, but the question is are there any side effects for that .. Experiments will prove that.

Another point is that there are already other coronoviruses that effect cows and therefore pregnant cows already get vaccinated during late pregnancy (in the final 6-8 weeks) twice 2 weeks apart to protect the newborn calfs from corona virus associated gut infections and diarrhea. The newborn calf gets antibodies from the colostrum and the milk, that protects it from getting sick. Therefore, it is possible that milk from such animals may well be already protective in humans, however needs further research.

best wishes,

Refik

Pasteurisation and other processing of milk before consumption will impact on stability and functionality of antibodies. Moreover, young babies gut barriers is not fully developed and allows the absorption of these macrobiomolecules. The mature gut in grown ups hardly absorb anything through.

There is some evidence found in Argentina.

https://www.elsevier.es/es-revista-revista-argentina-microbiologia-372-articulo-passive-immunity-control-bovine-coronavirus-S0325754117300913

See:

https://www.thailandmedical.news/news/must-read-immune-system-natural-protein-found-in-mother-s-milk-and-colostrum-called-lactoferrin-could-help-protect-against-various-viruses

See:

http://world-today-news.com/russian-scientists-breast-milk-and-goat-protein-may-be-a-key-to-fight-covid-19/

Last month I posted a hypothesis regarding the interaction between cow's milk, Neu5gc and Sars cov 2 please read these two very interesting articles that give me reason doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01628 ; Article Harnessing the natural anti-glycan immune response to limit ...

Good idea, research should be conducted on this

There are several countries whose good manufacturing practices and strict sanitary regulations allow consumers to have access to the consumption of fresh, unpasteurized milk. These countries include New Zealand, Germany, the Netherlands, and Slovenia. In fact, in these countries it is a common practice to consume unpasteurized fresh milk, which has been strictly monitored for its production and distribution. The interesting thing is that when consulting the page "our world in data" (https://ourworldindata.org/coronavirus), the number of deaths in these countries by Covid-19 is extremely low, while in countries where only pasteurized milk is allowed for public consumption, the number of deaths approaches or exceeds the world average. This "fast track" epidemiological analysis could indicate that the research proposed by Rejik Kanjhan is worth doing, since if fresh milk could be helping in achieving low levels of mortality (hypothesis not yet proven) due to the content of lactoferrin and other immune booster molecules, this beneficial effect could be optimized if fresh milk could contain the necessary antibodies to fight against the Covid-19 virus. In this way, there would be an economic alternative with a sufficient volume of production that would allow the world population to prevent Covid-19 disease complications.

Follow

See: Preprint Pleiotropic effect of Lactoferrin in the prevention and trea...

At least theoretical possibilities are there. Further researches are required to justify this.