Computational Linguistics is fundamentally a branch of linguistics and is concerned primarily with modeling linguistic phenomena using computational techniques. It is inherently theoretical and often focuses on understanding language from a structural point of view, involving the study of syntax, semantics, and phonetics through formal models. Computational linguists might work on developing models that can help understand the underlying rules of language or refine linguistic theories.

Natural Language Processing, on the other hand, leans more towards practical applications and is largely driven by advancements in machine learning and artificial intelligence. It involves developing algorithms and systems that allow computers to perform tasks involving human language, such as translation, sentiment analysis, and speech recognition. NLP is more focused on creating solutions that are effective and efficient in real-world applications, often utilizing large datasets and machine learning models to improve performance.