Hello Sadek: Prof. Chen always simulates the TL process as three stages: i) irradiation stage, ii) relaxation stage, and iii) Heating stage in many of his papers: to investigate the wider picture of the phenomena. This helps in validating basis of assumptions/models.

In fact output of first and second stage are the input to the third stage. If some one is not interested in stage 1 and 2; then selection of logical parameters for simulations result in the glow curve. However, to see what happens during irradiation and relaxation, same may be investigated and this may be model/assumption specific. In stage 1 and 2, information about radioluminescence etc. also becomes available.

2. During relaxation stage, lot of re combinations are instantaneous and electrons and holes are further trapped in respective defects. Distribution of electrons in various types of defects occurs in these stages.

It is possibly stabilization stage of the material during trap filling. Please remember that efficiency of TL is very very small say 0. In fact you also get conductivity during recording of TL glow curves sometimes. So nc0=0: yes.

Dear Dr. Kumar, in fact i was expecting this answer. Thank you for the confirmation.

To add to the previous discussion:

If we consider the pure one-trap-one-recombination-center (OTOR) case, one may wish to consider the heating stage only, by choosing any n0=m0 (provided it is

Thank you Prof. Chen for your addition. This became clear enough for me now. However, I have a question about the equilibrium equation n10+n20=m0. In the case of two traps and one center, we assume that the thermal energy is NOT sufficient to release the trapped electrons n20. Hence, the TL signal will be due to only the recombination process of the trapped electrons n10. Therefore, one can say that the intensity equation should be given as I=-dm/dt where m(t)=n1(t) not as m(t)=n1(t)+n20. Because there is no any recombination process occurred for the trapped electrons n20. This, in fact, is confusing.

Hi. I do not see where is the confusion. Let us consider a hypothetical case where n10=n20=10 and m0=20, and assume that trap 2 is deep enough so that it does not release electrons during heating in the relevant temperature range. Let us also assume that the retrapping probability into trap 2 is much smaller than the recombination probability. The number of electrons released in the relevant range is 10 and they perform 10 recombinations yielding TL. Thus, the area under the TL peak is related to the 10 recombinations. At the end of this temperature range we end up with 10 trapped electrons in trap 2 and 10 holes in centers. If the sample is heated further to higher temperature, a second TL peak may occur, representing the recombinations of the second batch of 10 electrons released from trap 2 and performing recombination with the 10 remaining holes.

Yes professor, this is exactly what I'm trying to say. The area under the glow-peak will be related to the n10 electrons. But. during the heating stage, we define I=-dm/dt=m*Am*nc...My question, to be more clear, is the function m(t) will be equal to m(t)=n1(t)+nc or m(t)=n1(t)+nc+ n20 ?? According to your explanation above it will be equal to m(t)=n1(t)+nc. But using the last one, the results will be the same as the OTOR model..For example, if we simulate the TL signal with different doses, the dose response curve will start with the linear region and then the saturation region, the supra-linearity region will not be observed.

I hope my question is clear enough and thank you for your valuable time.

Under the described conditions and assuming that there are two traps ans one center, we'll have m(t)=n1(t)+nc(t)+n2(t). If n2 does not change, it is equal to n20, but this is not necessarily the case. Indeed, the occurrence of superlinearity is usually associated with competition with the deeper trap. Of course, in the absence of n2, which is the OTOR model, we certainly have m(t)=n(t)+nc(t).

Dear Professor, thank you very much.. It became clear enough for me now.