Dear Nareerat,

you definetly cannot stop ENSO. This is a global climatic phenomenon which is linked to the Walker cell and its influences on global winds patterns.If you wanted to stop ENSO, you should change the Earth's orbit, its distance with the Sun, its shape and composition, especially at its poles,.... As you see, forget about avoiding it.

Mitigation of ENSO feedbacks (rainfall/droughts) it is completely another point. And yes, put simply, of course you can mitigate droughts and floods.

In addition, ENSO has its own periodicity and it is not related to GHG emissions. It might be that the ENSO-related hazards are accentuated by global warming (due to GHG? I am not too sure, that is another story), BUT, I am not a climatologist and I haven't read anything about it.

I hope I helped you a bit

Best regards

Nic

ENSO can't be prevented anywhere.

If you want to stop ENSO, you should change the Earth's orbit and which is not possible.

Dear Nareerat

 We cannot avoid ENSO. Mitigation of GHG would likely partly reduce its occurrence, magnitude and/or duration, and at most decrease some extremes beyond local systems and sectors thresholds. It's not enough at all.

We can increase reslience to cope with its effects for events which magnitude is within local coping ranges.

The goal of a greater resilience can be achieved by widening these ranges, ameliorating forecasting (both physical and statistical), developing and /or enhancing early warning systems, and other management actions (e.g. diversifying production, new cultures, evacuation programmes...and so on).

The question now is: Are the costs of these actions likely less than the impacts of severe and extreme El Niño/La Niña effects?

All the best, Gustavo

Dear Nareerat Santhayati,

We can't avoid those natural calamities. Actually, El Niño and La Niña are naturally occurring climate patterns and humans have no direct ability to influence their onset, intensity, or duration. In previous, when the world environment does not pollute as today's, there was El Niño and La Niña. We can not avoid this hazards but we can manage it through our scientific knowledge. And ofcourse sometimes El Niño and La Niña bring some good thing to happen. You can see the link to know about El Niño and La Niña.

https://www.climate.gov/news-features/understanding-climate/el-ni%C3%B1o-and-la-ni%C3%B1a-frequently-asked-questions

I agree with arguments of Dr Malhotra. ENSO seems unavoidable, like naturally occurring climatic patterns on a global scale...

Can we prevent El Niño and La Niña from occurring? No, El Niño and La Niña are naturally occurring climate patterns and humans have no direct ability to influence their onset, intensity, or duration.

Thank Mr. Abdulla for providing link. It is worth reading paper.

https://www.climate.gov/news-features/understanding-climate/el-ni%C3%B1o-and-la-ni%C3%B1a-frequently-asked-questions

El Niño  ( Warm phase )and La Niña ( Cool phase), together called the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), are periodic departures from expected sea surface temperatures (SSTs) in the equatorial Pacific Ocean.The El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is a naturally occurring phenomenon that involves fluctuating ocean temperatures in the equatorial Pacific, an unavoidable nautral event. These warmer or cooler than normal ocean temperatures can affect weather patterns around the world by influencing high and low pressure systems, winds, and precipitation. ENSO may bring much needed moisture to a region while causing extremes of too much or too little water in others.

I agree with the above answers, EL-Nino and La-Nino are unstoppable. Only thing is that we adopt the mitigation strategies for abbarent weather conditions through agronomic means.

we can't stop El Niño and La Niña but the best option we can mitigate and/or  use alternative adaptation mechanizes for negative said  of climate change impact

Perhaps your question would be on how to mitigate ENSO, and it would require investigations on the ultimate causes of colding/warming of Atlantic waters. As the rain patterns changing under ENSO seem the main consequence of this alternate pehnomena, how can one know for sure whether rain patterns are more or less defined by ENSO in the Southern hemisphere?