One should check osmolarity by an inpipendent method, but 10% PEG 6000 is alreadu described as standard treatmnet for water (osmotic) stress. Manu other treatments are necessary to get a full discrimination, in pots and with different mutants, http://www.plantcell.org/content/20/4/1134.full
It is preferred to use PEG 10000 -20000 any how in most plant species does not matter what the molecular weight is the sample weight you will be taken is important. Not withstanding, you have to use PEG according to the tensions that they may create for instance -1, -2,-3 bars etec which depends upon to which extent you want to exposure your tissues ....... Note you have to put in your mind that high rates of PEG solidify your media and created anoxia and thus you have either reduce agar and pumping O2 to supply the media ..... in case you need more contact me
Yes it is possible, as others have said; they also outline some of the things requiring attention -the need to check to osmotic potential of the medium, the problem with density of the medium and the effects on oxygen (and CO2) diffusion between the ambient air. The 4000-6000 mol mass (actually the polymers are a range not a true mol mass) can be used but the very large polymers do cause difficulties. I only used PEG in nutrient solutions for growing large (crop) plants so have no experience with culture of A, thaliana. I refer you to some very old but still (I believe) very relevant papers of mine using PEG and available on research gate.
One important paper is
ABSORPTION OF POLYETHYLENE GLYCOLS BY PLANTS AND THEIR EFFECTS ON PLANT GROWTH
I think PEG 8000 is appropriate for most plants since it cannot pas through interstices of the cell walls, but I am sure about Arabidopsis. As some of colleagues indicated you have to aerate the nutrient solution continuously. As Dr. Lawlore explains, the number 8000 is not a true molecular weight since addition PEG to the nutrient solution and measuring the solute potential it does not give a straight line. The following publication may be of help for you:
Mansour et al. 1993, J. Plant Physiol. 142: 623-628.
From my experience PEG 6000 may be good for simulating moisture stress at root system. This concentration may be used along with your Half MS, However, due to osmolarity change in the root system nutrient uptake rate also may be severely impacted. Check the osmolarity of this preparations and water potential of leaf before your experimental parameters observations.Because it may vary depends on your plant. PEG 8000 may not be good because it may have other effects than giving more negative water potential.