In the framework of gravitoelectromagnetism (GEM), a gravitational field is a dual entity always having a “field” component Eg, and an “induction” component Bg simultaneously created by their common sources: time-variable masses and mass flows. By the introduction of the physical quantity Bg the description of gravity in GEM takes the kinematics of the gravitating objects into account what implies that GEM is an extension of the classical field theory of gravity.
In GEM, the phenomenon of the deflection of a light ray passing the sun is explained by the effect of the sun’s gravitational field on the constituent elements of light.
The constituent elements of light, the photons, are moving with velocity c. According to the “force law of GEM”, a photon moving in a gravitational field (Eg, Bg) in general - and in the gravitational field of the sun in particular - will be accelerated with an amount: a = Eg + (c x Bg). The normal component of a causes the bending of the photon’s trajectory.
So, in the first case the bending effect of Eg on the light ray is strengthened by the effect of (c x Bg), in the second case it is weakened. If half of the observed deflection of a light ray at one side (first case, retrograde) is the effect of Eg , the deflection of a ray at the other side (second case, prograde) should be negligible. Do this correspond to the observations?
In the above we were looking to the impact on a light ray of the gravitomagnetic effect of the rotation of the sun around its axis. Another source of the sun’s gravitomagnetic induction is its translation. Indeed because the sun, relative to the earth, is moving in the ecliptic with a velocity v it generates a gravitomagnetic field. When Eg is the gravitational field at a point P, it can be shown that the gravitational induction at that point due to the sun's translation can be expressed as: Bg =1/c2.(v x Eg). Note that, also in this case, the orientation relative to Eg of the component (c x Bg) of the acceleration a of a photon passing near the sun, is different depending on the side of the sun where the photon passes. Note also that the component (c xBg) = ec x (v/c x Eg) is very small relative to the component Eg [because of the factor (v/c)].
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Dear Antoine J.H. Acke
Using the method of electromagnetic field to study the problems in gravitational field is indeed a feasible research idea. But this is not a good research idea, because it will make the mathematical language describing physical phenomena more complex.
Dear Guoxu Feng,
Thanks for your reaction. I'm looking forward for the results of your research on the discussed topic. I don't believe that the mathematical description of the gravitational laws and phenomena by GEM is more complex than other, more mainstream, descriptions. But I wonder if the conclusion of GEM about the bending of light is experimentally confirmed ore falsified.
Yes, dear Acke. The deflection of light by the Sun is analogous to that of the alpha particle by the nucleus. Here are the details
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Dear Arbab I. Arbab,
Thanks for the reference. If I understand it correctly, according to your conclusion the bending of the light ray is independent of which side it passes the sun. Is this confirmed by the experiments?
Dear Antoine J.H. Acke
I think you may be interested in the content of this article.
Guoxu feng
Dear Antoine J.H. Acke
I think you may be interested in the content of this article.
Guoxu feng
Dear Guoxu Feng,
Thanks for the reference to the article. It confirms what GEM predicts, namely that the perihelium precession and the light bending can be explained by the effects of:
1. The gravitomagnetic field generated by the translation with velocity v of the sun relative to an observer on earth.
2. The gravitomagnetic field generated by the rotation of the sun around its axis.
The effect of the second field seems, at first sight, to be negligible relative to the effect of the first field.
(1) is also the subject of the article: “Advance of Mercury Perihelion Explained by Cogravity.” (https://arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/0304104)
P.S. In the article to which you refer appears the factor (1 – 2M/r) (formula 4.1, …) with M the total mass of the body and r a coordinate. Note that there is a problem with the dimensions!
Antoine J.H. Acke: "Do this correspond to the observations?"
Is there any idea on how bending of light by the sun according to GEM compares in orders of magnitude to what A. Einstein in 1911 derived by assuming luminal speed c = c0(1+Φ/c2) to depend on local gravitational potential Φ, see references (original German and English translation) below?
http://myweb.rz.uni-augsburg.de/~eckern/adp/history/einstein-papers/1911_35_898-908.pdf
http://www.relativitycalculator.com/pdfs/On_the_influence_of_Gravitation_on_the_Propagation_of_Light_English.pdf
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