On an excursion to Hyrcanian beech forests along the southern coast of the Caspian sea the question came up why there are no conifers such as Abies species as components of these forests. We couldn´t come up with a reasonable explanation. Since forest development seems to be uninterrupted by glacial periods we wondered what the ecological limitation is for conifers in these forests with a temperate/submediterranean climate.
See:Flora Mediterranea 25(Special Issue):185-192 · November 2015.
I hope this helps!
Andrew :-)
There is 4 conifer species in Hyrcanian Forest in north of Iran:
Taxus baccata,
Tuja orientalis,
Juniperus orientais,
Cuppressus orientalis,
and its Forests that remains from Tertiary period in Geology.
We have also struggled to explain the absence of Abies alba in beech forest in Majella, Apennines (attachment 1 & 3); however, when planted A. alba locally grows very well at several sites within Majella and spontaneously elsewhere in the Apennines (Attachment 2). Post-Pleistocene dispersal or selective logging?
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