There are a lot of literature on the topic you are interested in (especially in relation to the field of medicine and biology). I will cite only a few. However, most of you will find in the References.
1. “Nonlinear Optical Imaging – Introduction and Pharmaceutical Applications”.
http://www.americanpharmaceuticalreview.com/Featured-Articles/148760-Nonlinear-Optical-Imaging-Introduction-and-Pharmaceutical-Applications/ (see references)
3. “Handbook of Biomedical Nonlinear Optical Microscopy”.
7. If you are interested in Nonlinear Hyperspectral imaging, for certain for you there will be useful a material stated in:
“Nonlinear Unmixing of Hyperspectral Images: Models and Algorithms”.
http://arxiv.org/pdf/1304.1875.pdf
I am interested in a problem which is connected with your question. It concerns a terahertz hyperspectral imaging. Source of terahertz radiation is terahertz QCL, manufactured by DFG technology (Difference Frequency Technology). In this case DFG process is a typical nonlinear process difference frequency generation. By the way, with a terahertz imaging In turn, terahertz and in general optical, the tomography is the typical example of nonlinear spectroscopy of high resolution connected with nonlinear optics.