Molecular adaptation and different pathways are activated after a bout of exercise, so the adaptations after a week can be posible, but you need to maitain them to see improvements.
Yes. However, keep in mind that it is one thing to "response" to exercise, which is different from "adaptation" to training. Responses are immediate and/or short-term and are easily reversible. On the other hand, the adaptation (depending on the type that you need) to training needs more time to be noticeable and, consequently, the reversibility is not so fast.
Definitely possible especially in those with lower skill/training levels. As mentioned above physiological responses can occur within a single bout, and in support of this our lab has recently used short term training (5 days) to induce metabolic changes measurable with NMR and PCr recovery. With regards to skill, a focused short term experience can certainly result in technical improvement.
1.) approximately 10 days, first improvments caused by better movement coordination and better technique without unnecessary movements
2.) aprox. 20 days, development of body energy systems, in endurance event great increase of glycogen storage, in power events hypertrophy of muscle fibers
3.) aprox. 30 days, better coordination and optimalization of human functional systems
4.) aprox. 40 days, structural changes in human body synchronization of human functional systems fully adaptation on specific training.
.... this is base model adaptation is a complex phenomenon it depend on type of specific training and intensity of training stimulus and so on....
.. so the answer is no, you can only improve technique and coordination there will be a small changes in body energy systems, but adaptation is possible after a longer period than 7-10 days.
Another aspect not addressed above is the rapid adaptation to unaccustomed exercise. I became painfully (literally) aware of this as a subject in a project. We did a bench stepping exercise (knee height, @ 15 cycles a minute [1 step/s] as I recall) for something like 20 minutes. Same lead leg for the entire task. The next day or two we subjects could hardly drag around the eccentrically loaded leg. Over the next few days, the delayed muscle soreness, as expected, resolved. The task was repeated 1 week later and the anticipation of the delayed pain was in everyone's mind. But the recovery over the next few days was entirely unremarkable; little if any DOMS. Is that an adaptation? You tell me. I think Freedson (UMass) published some work on repeated eccentric exercise (biceps as I think) a while back (late 1980s?). As I recall, the protective benefit of eccentric exercise lasted 6-8 weeks, but I could be mistaken. It's been a while.
Probably is necessary to compare two groups (normal training "3 hours for week" vs. Sperimental training "14 hours for week - morning (1h) and afternoon (1h)".
There are some areas that con justify this effect:
1 repeatability: as well as "familiarization" you can see "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=tomac%20z"; Sullivan KJ 2008 "Phis Ther"; Tsigilis N 2008 JSCR
2 Task: you can see Hardy LH 2009 JSMS
3 Cognitive function: Fisher A PhD Thesis
4 Neural adaptation: Eur J Appl Physiol. 2011 Oct;111(10):2439-49. Epub 2011 Jun Neural adaptations to electrical stimulation strength training.
I totally agree with Donald... and the colleagues above... in addition to the ''responses'' to a single session, that ''single session'' will induce adaptations... of course if the stimulus is not ''heavy'' enough, depending on the subject's fitness, this could not happen.. BUT for untrained subjects, this is definitely a reality... as brilliantly witnessed by Don....
This deserves new experiments to strengthen the few previous articles ...
Adaptation in training can be very context specific. My experience with Olympic level wrestlers tends to support an extended training regime for specific adaptation. It may be understood in terms of classic stimulus-response conditioning, or higher-order conditioning. For wrestlers, training is less "specific adaptation" than it is about developing a repertoire of responses or actually a battery of response sets. - Jim Migliaccio Tabano, Geo. Washington Univ.
All type of repeated movement can modify structures, hormone levels and all biological tissue. The organic responses are dependent of type, intensity and frequency of training, besides of individuality of persons with his genetic material.
So, if you are training only ten days with a specific way you can have some organic changes that are small than when you are training hard and for a long time.
yes for unskilled athletes who improves first the coordination by creating a new motor program for the specific and new task and probably some organic changes.
For skilled athletes, it's more difficult, because only physiological changes could occur in such a short time training. By using some specific training program, based on a rebond effect by exhausting the specific muscles with eccentric contraction at the beginning of the program and with heavy-light program at the end of the training session. For more information, Read Zatsiosky "Biomechanics of Skeletal Muscles"