I know that disk diffusion is not a reliable method for detecting colistin resistance, but can I use it as a preliminary step that is followed by microbroth dilution?
Given the fact that polymyxins are quite large molecules making it poor to diffuse disk diffusion assays. So you will end up with false results or misleading interpretation. There is still no standard easy method to detect resistance. Check out this paper.
You can also attempt frequency of resistance assay, where you will make agar plate in presence of colistin and then will plate bacteria. Based on the number of colonies plated and the number of colonies identified you will get a frequency of resistance and also will get colistin resistant colonies.