This is a good question. In addition to the helpful answers already gtiven, there is bit more to add.

Arduino is a cross platform IDE that works in conjunction with an Arduino controller in order to write, compile and upload code to the board, from

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/282268686_Autonomous_Ball_Collecting_Robot_Using_Image_Processing_Techniques [accessed Nov 01 2017].

A very good discussion about Arduino and its usage in image processing applications, especially in robotic vision system, used in conjunction with raspberry pi, is available at

https://www.researchgate.net/post/Arduino_vs_Raspberry_Pi_vs_Beaglebone_Black_for_Robotics_Research

Arduino acts as a microcontroller.

To recognize image you need to store a database and make a matching process between the specific image and those stored in the databas, where this process is beyond the ability of the Arduino.

You can use the Raspberry Pi instead.

i dont think thats because its memory is low and dont have graphic processor i recommend intel microcontroller.

Convolution (direct too ) is very expensive . Now look at the amount of RAM for storing the image data ,raw (bmp of 16 bits) = M xN x16 bits @ least .

Yeah story changes with jpg ...

This is a good question. In addition to the helpful answers already gtiven, there is bit more to add.

Arduino is a cross platform IDE that works in conjunction with an Arduino controller in order to write, compile and upload code to the board, from

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/282268686_Autonomous_Ball_Collecting_Robot_Using_Image_Processing_Techniques [accessed Nov 01 2017].

A very good discussion about Arduino and its usage in image processing applications, especially in robotic vision system, used in conjunction with raspberry pi, is available at

https://www.researchgate.net/post/Arduino_vs_Raspberry_Pi_vs_Beaglebone_Black_for_Robotics_Research