In this recent study 5-fluorouracil was used as a positive control:
2.5. Tumor xenograft model and α-pinene treatment
30 nude mice aged 5–6 weeks were purchased from Guangdong Provincial Experimental Animal Center and were divided into three groups (α-pinene-treated group, isotonic sodium chloride group as model control and 5-FU-treated group as positive control) randomly. 2 × 106 BEL-7402 cells in logarithmic phase were subcutaneously inoculated in the posterior right hind limb of each nude mouse. When tumors reached a diameter of 3–4 mm. 200 μL of α-pinene (2.67 mL/kg) as α-pinene-treated group, normal isotonic sodium chloride of 0.2 mL/d as model control, and 5-FU of 0.67 mL/kg as positive control were injected subcutaneously for 14 ten days every two days. The longest diameter (a) and shortest diameter (b) of the tumor were measured using a caliper. Tumor volume was considered equal to (a × b2)/2. Mice with tumor volume larger than 1000 mm3 will be sacrificed. Nude mice were sacrificed two days after the last administration, and tumors were collected and weighed. Calculated the tumor inhibitory rate according to the following equation. Inhibitory rate was used to evaluate α-pinene's effect against tumors. Inhibitory rate no less than 30% was regarded as valid, and less than 30% as invalid (11).
Tumor inhibitory rate = (Average tumor weight of model contrast group- Average tumor weight of administered group)/Average tumor weight of model contrast group × 100%.