I believe you can do this through via the green open access route. You can deposit your work’s accepted version (the manuscript format not the published format) to be freely available.
This is not a question of time but of the copyright policy of the publisher. See https://help.researchgate.net/hc/en-us/articles/14846037644817-Copyright-and-ResearchGate for general information and https://www.elsevier.com/about/policies-and-standards/sharing/policy-faq#3-researchgate for Elsevier.
It depends on whether your publications are open access or not. See the information given by Elsevier: "If your article was not published open access, you cannot publicly share the accepted manuscript version on ResearchGate." Therefore, the proposal by Mertol Tüfekci will work only for open-access publications. But: "If your article was published open access, then you can publicly share the published journal article on ResearchGate, so there is no need to use the accepted manuscript version." This differs from the policy of other publishers.
One little addition to what is already said by Wolfgang R. Dick The green open access is something that (sometimes!) allows authors to publish a non-edited version of their accepted manuscript online, see for example https://open-access.network/en/information/open-access-primers/green-and-gold#
Since basically every publisher and journal has their own policy the best thing is to check here for individual cases: https://v2.sherpa.ac.uk/romeo/search.html
Best regards.
PS. Indeed most publishers make (if allowed to put a version online) a distinction between your personal website and/or the repository of your university or institute and a website like ResearchGate.