It would nice if you can add more details about the kind of problem. Considering it looks like a network, so you can represent it with a graph and Ant Colony Optimization works well for this context.
You could look at a combination of NetSim (https://www.tetcos.com) and MATLAB. The VANET simulation can be done in NetSim while the optimization routine can be co-simulated in MATLAB. There are similar examples involving neural networks (SOM), clustering, etc explained in https://tetcos.com/file-exchange.html.
If u have the knowledge of Python Programming then it will be good to implement in Python with Anaconda. It will give u deep insight of your problems. You can also verify program line by line to authenticate your solution.
The performance of these algorithms depends on the dimensionality and complexity of your problem. According to no free launch (NFL) theorem, you cannot specifically say that this algorithm will work better for all types of vehicular ad-hoc network problems. It's better to apply all of them and see which one gives you a better result.