You may look at Jacques Rey (coord.), Stratigraphie - terminologie française. Bull. Centres Rech. Explor.-Prod. Elf Aquitaine, Mém. 19, 164pp, 63 fig., 8 tab., Pau 1997. ISSN 0181-0901; ISBN 2-901 026-46-x
or the revised English version:
Stratigraphy: Terminology and Practice, Jacques Rey, Simone Galeotti, Comité français de stratigraphie (Rédacteurs), Jacques Rey, Simone Galeotti (Éditeur), Editions OPHRYS, 2008. ISBN 2710809109, 9782710809104
Time in Stratigraphy, 1964, Shaw, Alan B., International Series in the Earth Sciences, McGraw-Hill, NY, 365p. [From p. 102 to the end, Shaw introduces his powerful method, Shaw’s Method of Correlation, and gives concrete examples. It is a classic!]
Shaw described and introduced how to correlate fossiliferous sedimentary rocks using graphic plots of first and last appearances of fossil taxa, as heights in each section, each X- and Y-axis using the same scale. The line of correlation (LOC) is the straight line that connects the points. Relative sedimentation rates are found to be the slope of the LOC. The relative ages of the base of each section can be estimated as a function of if the LOC passes through the origin. This is summarized in many texts but the original is still the best., best, Ken
All the above are good recommendations. I would also recommend Grabau's Principles of Stratigraphy (https://archive.org/details/principlesofstra00grab), Sloss's classic papers on cycles (highlighted here by KGS - http://www.kgs.ku.edu/Publications/Bulletins/169/Sloss/), and the AAPG Memoir 26 entitled "Seismic Stratigraphy: Applications to Hydrocarbon Exploration". Two papers in this volume have been influential (1) Vail, P.R. and Mitchum, R.M., 1977, Seismic stratigraphy and global changes of sea level, Part 1—Overview: AAPG Memoir 26, p.51-52 and (2) Vail, P.R., Mitchum, R.M., and Thompson, S., 1977, Seismic stratigraphy and global changes of sea level, Part 3—Relative changes of sea level from coastal onlap: AAPG Memoir 26, p.63-81. I realize this is a broad mix, but the point is that perspective on stratigraphy and methods (that is, what is the intent of your work or question) temper the way one correlates packages of rock. This final link, a presentation, provides a good historical perspective on sequence stratigraphy, too --> http://www.searchanddiscovery.com/pdfz/documents/2010/50262martinsen/ndx_martinsen.pdf.html
I agree with Stanley. Another great reference is: Catuneanu, O., 2006, Principles of Sequence Stratigraphy, Elsevier Publ., Amsterdam, which has many great color photographs and excellent diagrams., , Ken
All good recommendations, and as Keith Henry Nicholls mentions, Ager's books are very worthwhile. Ager tackles the complicated issue of how strata are preserved in the rock record.
All the principles of Sequence Stratigraphy en therefore of stratigraphic correlation were established by Peter Vail, Robert Mitchum and colleagues in AAPG Memoir 26. This is the "bible" or original source, all the rest comes or evolves from this.