Texture is always an important feature of sedimentary rocks when it comes to the analysis of the depositional environment. You can summerize textural groups but it is far beyond a brief series of suggestions made in a post like that; you have to browse many papers on sedimentary petrology and geology and select books and papers dealing with different grain size ranges clay/silt, sand and conglomerate. In general the following features may you help during environment analysis:
Bedding/lamination
Cross bedding/lamination
Ripples
Grading/ lateral grain size changes
Sole marks
Erosional features
Thickness changes
Bioturbation
Body fossils and ichnofossils
I wish you much success
HGD
P.S. you can scout my list of publications selecting the papers dealing with sediments and terrain/ enviroment analysis. There you will find lots of figures interpreted for their environmental setting