Modern drug discovery involves the identification of screening hits, medicinal chemistry and optimization of those hits to increase the affinity, selectivity (to reduce the potential of side effects), efficacy/potency, metabolic stability (to increase the half-life), and oral bioavailability. Once a compound that fulfills all of these requirements has been identified, it will begin the process of drug development prior to clinical trials. One or more of these steps may, but not necessarily, involve computer-aided drug design. Modern drug discovery is thus usually a capital-intensive process that involves large investments by pharmaceutical industry corporations as well as national governments (who provide grants and loan guarantees). Despite advances in technology and understanding of biological systems, drug discovery is still a lengthy, "expensive, difficult, and inefficient process" with low rate of new therapeutic discovery. In 2010, the research and development cost of each new molecular entity was about US$1.8 billion. Drug discovery is done by pharmaceutical companies, with research assistance from universities. The "final product" of drug discovery is a patent on the potential drug. The drug requires very expensive Phase I, II and III clinical trials, and most of them fail. Small companies have a critical role, often then selling the rights to larger companies that have the resources to run the clinical trials. [https://www.researchgate.net/post/Can_anyone_pinpoint_the_methodology_for_successful_drug_discovery]

Good stipend to the researchers and very good rewards after successful discovery. Grants , subsidy , liberty and encouragement to R and D sector.

extensive research and clinical trials

Discovery of new drug involves extraction. isolation, purification, characterization and evaluation(clinical trial). However the process is not as easy as it appears on paper, it involves a lot of cumbersome processes, full attention, time and fund. To promote drug discovery there should be encouragement in term of grant(fund, equipment).

Your recommendations are a source of inspiration to me my dear RG Members.@

• Dennis Mazur
• Mahesh Kumar
• Jagmohan Sharma
• Dr. Qais Faryadi
• Teymur Zulfugarzade