Your best bet is ion-coupled photometry. It requires lysing your samples in nitric acid and measuring the metal ion content by ionization. You will need an ICP-OES instrument available to you to do this.
Collect the cells by centrifugation and wash with iso-osmotic solution of sorbitol to remove Na+ ions from the cell wall matrix. Digest the obtained pellets with 1 ml HNO3 : HClO4 mixture (10 :1, v/v) in a boiling water-bath for 30 min. After cooling, samples are diluted with distilled water (if needed) and centrifuge again at 5000 g for 10 min. The supernatant fluid obtained is used for Na+ determination using an atomic absorption spectrometer.
To measure the sodium and potassium atoms (not ions) concentration inside cells you may use Electron Probe X-Ray Microanalysis
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