NVH is a large area of research in engine and vehicle development. It comprises sources (e.g. combustion progression in engines, wheel movement under different driving conditions), carrier systems (e.g. housings, suspension) and resonator systems where the noise is emitted. In this way, reduction of NVH problems requires a detailed analysis of the target system to define the actual boundary conditions. In many cases NVH optimization is done by a combination of measurement and simulaiton.
Her is some literature, which might be of interest:
Actually, NVH can be used to diagnostic and detect system or subsystem's faults. If you want to analysis the test results which can be measured by some sensor kinds, you have to use some mathematic theories like Fourier or etc. After that, you can see and find resonant frequency which can help you to propose solutions to reduce noise and vibration of vehicle.