I just read Carlo Rovelli's article about what is on the other side of black holes. He asks where does matter go after it falls in the black hole.
I think Einstein gave the answer in 1919 when he published a paper asking if gravitation and electromagnetism play a role in formation of elementary particles. The criticism that his paper doesn't address the two nuclear forces discovered in the 1930s is easily overcome. The gravitational and electromagnetic waves can interact to produce the mass - and via quaternions, the quantum spin - of both massive and massless nuclear bosons.
Referring to the quantum nature of gravity, I think matter that falls in would be dissociated into its component photons (spin 1) and gravitons (spin 2) by the black hole's intense gravity. (Together, a photon and graviton form the spin 1/2 of the original matter particles).
Of course, the quantum spin of 2/1 can also result. This is the spin of gravitons which the falling matter has added, increasing the black hole's gravity.
Just as gravity dissociates the matter, a hypothetical white hole would require an anti-gravitational effect to assemble photons and gravitons into matter that might issue forth.
If the photons and gravitons were not elementary but were composed of the binary digits 1 and 0, information would be preserved when matter entered the black hole. And if matter does issue from a white hole, the information is re-assembled.
Nainan Varghese "Black holes are mechanical necessities of (galactic) formations of macro bodies in space. Black holes perform very important functions to preserve perpetual steady state of universe by recycling matter between its three-dimensional state (where entropy increases) and one-dimensional state in universal medium (where entropy is zero), in both ways during different stages of their life. Black holes, during different stages of their development, are called by different names."
Very good conclusion!
Could you provide more information about the matter recycling process? How does the recycled matter leave the gravitational field of the black hole?
Wolfgang Konle
Dear Sir,
Thank you very much.
Articles on my website, https://www.matterdoc.info, briefly describe various stages of creation, sustenance and destruction of 3D matter. For detailed explanations, kindly refer to the book 'MATTER (Re-examined)'
Black holes are like any other macro body. They radiate corpuscles of 3D matter (photons), whose linear motion is retarded due to very high gravitational attraction towards the black hole. Attempt to reduce linear speed of a photon compels it to gradually discard its 3D matter content and die. Discarded 3D matter is in the form of 1D quanta of matter, which would be integrated into the surrounding universal medium. Full mechanism is described in the book.
Nainan.
Nainan Varghese
Thank you for your answer and for your reference to your book.
This book seems to focus on the nature of matter. My focus is on the cosmological aspect of recycling the matter, trapped in black holes to new star fuel.
I have my own ideas about a physically plausible process, which reconverts black hole matter to neutrons and also releases these neutrons from the gravitational trap of the black hole.
I would like to compare this proces with your imagination of the recycling of star fuel matter, in which you also seem to think that black holes are involved.
If such a matter recycling is described in your book, could you be so kind to at least outline it in a comprehensible way.
If you are interested in details, you can find them here:
Preprint What gravitation really is
Dear sir,
I appreciate your interest.
The alternative concept described in the book ‘MATTER (Re-examined)’ deals with all aspects of matter, from its very existence to cosmological phenomena. Recycling matter into different spatial existences is one of them. Brief descriptions on various elements may be found in the list of articles at my website ‘https://www.matterdoc.info’
My concept is based on a single assumption on the existence of matter. Unstructured matter furcates into tiny quanta of matter. Each quantum of matter tends to reduce its existence to a minimum of spatial dimensions. Quanta of matter in 1D and 2D spatial dimensions link together to form latticework structures in each of the spatial planes. All such latticework structures in all possible planes, together, form a universal medium that fills the entire space, outside the most basic 3D matter particles. Universal medium is inherently under compression. This compressive pressure is gravitation. Gravitation is enormously strong and it is the basis of all ‘natural forces’. Unattached quanta of matter within a gap in the universal medium are gathered and compressed into third spatial status under gravitation and molded into a segmented spherical shape that spins at a frequency proportional to its 3D matter content and moves at the highest possible (hence constant) linear speed. This entity forms the 3D matter core of a most basic 3D matter particle. Movements of this particle are initiated and maintained by the transfer of structural distortions in the universal medium, which have many similarities with EM waves in each plane. Moving 3D matter core and the moving structural distortions in the surrounding universal medium together form a photon (a corpuscle of radiation – light). Attempt to reduce the linear speed of a photon reduces its 3D matter content rather than lowering its linear speed. Discarded 3D matter from the photons convert into lower spatial dimensions to integrate into the surrounding universal medium.
Complimentary photons, under gravitational attractions, form superior 3D matter particles like electrons, protons, neutrons, etc. Superior 3D matter particles, including neutrons, have definite structures and mechanisms of formation and interactions. 3D matter in the black holes is not converted into neutrons but with the help of very high gravitational pressure, it is radiated away as corpuscles of light, which are under retardation due to gravitational attraction towards the black hole. 3D matter, discarded from the photons is then dispersed as 1D quanta of matter to be absorbed into the surrounding universal medium. All these phenomena are the results of simple mechanical actions by quanta of matter. Details may be gathered from the books mentioned above.
I briefly checked your article ‘What gravitation really is’.
In case you are interested, I welcome comparing our ideas.
Thanking you for your interest.
Nainan. [email protected].
Nainan Varghese "I welcome comparing our ideas."
Ok, I'll give you a quick overview of my idea.
Gravitational fields have a negative energy density, but there can be no absolute negative energy density. For this to happen, there must be an omnipresent dark energy field that is even strong enough to compensate for the negative energy density around neutron stars.
Therefore, gravity is a depression or a gradient in the cosmic negative energy density.
Since the strength of the gravitational fields around neutron stars is about 2.0E+11 higher than the strength of the Earth's field, even the strong Earth's field causes only a relative depression by a factor (1.0-4.0E-22), which is an extremely small depression.
When the matter from neutron stars falls into black holes, a phase transition takes place. During this phase transition, the matter loses its granular structure and completely displaces the cosmic dark energy field. The phase transition provides a large amount of energy, which increases the density of the cosmic field.
What happens inside stars also interacts with the cosmic field and also increases the energy density of the cosmic field.
When the intensity of the growing cosmic field has reached a critical level, it is strong enough to re-enter the black hole's matter. In this process, the phase transition is reversed. But reversing the phase transition costs a lot of dark energy. The dark energy then flows from the outside into the matter conversion region of the black hole and replaces the energy consumed.
But the intense flow changes the density profile of cosmic dark energy. The flattened profile means reduced gravity. The products of the reversed phase transition can then easily escape from the conversion area due to the reduced gravity.
This transformation process takes place in all black holes in the universe at about the same time and takes only a few million years. The new cycle, in which new stars and new black holes are formed, then lasts longer than 20 billion years. The conversion process has consumed a lot of dark energy. During the new cycle, this loss of energy is then slowly compensated.
The huge amount of neutrons that leave black holes creates heavy elements above iron. Later, the neutrons decay into hydrogen, which provides new fuel for the stars.
The transformation process leads to traces in the CMB that suggest a Big Bang.
What do you think, is this idea at least in parts compatible to your idea?