Dear Dr. Ahmad,

Please have a look at the following RG links and PDF attachment.

Article Aquatic Weeds and Their Management for Fisheries

Article Are we on top of aquatic weeds? Weed problems, control optio...

Article Biological Control of Water Hyacinth by Using Pathogens: Opp...

Article BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF WATER HYACINTH: A CASE STUDY OF LAKE V...

Article The biological control of aquatic weeds in South Africa: Cur...

Article Microbial agents for control of aquatic weeds and their role...

Thanks!

Weevils such as Neochetina bruchi and Neochetina eichhorniae are effective for controlling of the invasive aquatic weed Eichhornia crassipes (water hyacinth) in lakes. Weevil Neochetina eichhorniae reduces plant height, weight and root length. Furthermore, a fungus Alternaria eichhorniae has been successfully used as bioherbicide agent against Eichhornia crassipes.

Article Control of Water Hyacinth with Neochetina spp. and Alternari...

Article Control of Water Hyacinth-A Case Study

Article Occurrence of Neochetina bruchi Hustache A Biocontrol agent ...

Article Biological control of waterhyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) b...

Article Alternaria eichhorniae, a biological control agent for water...

Article Successful biological control of water hyacinth (Eichhornia ...

There are many chemicals but I think manual measures is the best and effective.

The first things that come to my mind are to physically remove the plants/algae from the lakes, if this is possible; and use the plants as livestock feed or biofuel.

Next, I think that if the growth of weeds might be a reaction to the rain run-offs from the area, which happens to carry fertilizers from nearby agricultural lands; if it is an urban area, the run-off might contain fertilizers from private homes. Citizens should be encouraged to collect any mowed grass clippings (not let them rinse into storm drains). I've also heard of long-rooted plants being planted all around the lake, as a "buffer" to absorb fertilizer before it can reach the lake water.

I personally had an incident where one year our fish pond became the water became too "nutritious" because of the dust from timothy hay literally spilling into the water. The hay-dust fed much in the water and we had an algal-bloom. This ended up with the water being thick with algae and weeds (and the fish gasping for air, up above the water). We added duckweed (Lemna minor) to the water. They remained floating on the surface of the water, breeding like wildfire, but were easy to scoop out of the water (permanently lowering the nitrogen/phosphorus from the water). The duckweed became part of the feed for our rabbits here at my house; and after about a year things seemed much more "controlled". It has been 2 years since we used the duckweed, and no algal blooms have occurred.

shalom! - Juju.

The detailed removal techniques are discussed by Dr. Arvind Singh. But according to my opinion manual removal is the best.

I agree with Dr. Singh. The use of phytophagous insects against aquatic plants like water hyacinth is a possibility. Another alternative is the sowing of Amur or Siberian salmon and Tilapia nilotica. These herbivorous fish can consume tender plants and filamentous algae; contributing to its control. Another possibility is to use commercial herbicides or algaecides. These possibilities are more effective in certain occasions.

Correcting the alkalinity of water and performing nitrogenous fertilizations of lakes. After the manual removal of plants, you can stimulate the phytoplankton development. You can apply lime with the objective of increase the total alkalinity of the water until values ​​close to 30 mg of carbonate of calcium / liter. To achieve this, it must be applied an amount of around 100 to 500 g of agricultural lime per m2 of pond (1 to 5 ton / hectare). Lime elevates alkalinity of water, improving the supply of gas carbon dioxide for the phytoplankton to carry out photosynthesis. It also helps increase the transparency of the water that will have become cloudy due to the suspension of clay from the funds during the mechanical removal of vegetation. Once the lime is applied, it can be fertilize the ponds to stimulate phytoplankton production. It starts with a dose next to 5 kg of nitrogen /1,000 m2 or 50 kg / N / ha. Using urea (45% of N) apply 11 kilos of fertilizer /1,000 m2.

For more information please have a look at the following link:

https://www.agroindustria.gob.ar/sitio/areas/acuicultura/publicaciones/_archivos//000000_Informaci%C3%B3n%20y%20noticias%20vinculadas%20al%20sector/140107_Control%20de%20plantas%20acu%C3%A1ticas%20en%20estanques%20de%20cultivo.pdf

The first thing will be identifying the weeds (knowing the enemy), understand their biology and what factors are promoting the infestation?

Second important thing is to develop location specific solutions based on the resources and situation to provide a sustainable management. Often times a single control tactic does not work. A striking example which I have witnessed is the case of Dal Lake in Srinagar J&K, where a dredging machine is used every year and in the process it creates new cuttings which establish and regrow as new plants making it more worse.

This brings me to the point that proper research and expertise should be part of any restoration/conservation effort of the natural habitats, lakes and other water bodies.

Hi Dr. Ahmad,

I think this reference is useful for you

https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=2&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjp09OT2N_fAhUjxoUKHRuAAwAQFjABegQICRAB&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F315929723_The_biological_control_of_aquatic_weeds_in_South_Africa_Current_status_and_future_challenges&usg=AOvVaw3Vj46zhN9jJEgDnBkbLVv5

Ref.2

https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=3&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjp09OT2N_fAhUjxoUKHRuAAwAQFjACegQIBxAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsq.org.au%2FSchooler.pdf&usg=AOvVaw3q8LxzPDNvAeOdoW0yaK5i

Ref.3

https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=6&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjp09OT2N_fAhUjxoUKHRuAAwAQFjAFegQIBBAB&url=https%3A%2F%2Flink.springer.com%2Fchapter%2F10.1007%2F978-94-011-4014-0_6&usg=AOvVaw3jNd8CEB1AUQmxh4Mr6voj

Possibly Alejandro Sosa , researcher in my lab, can help you with your question or explain you about the lab projects in biological control of aquatic weeds in lakes of Argentina. related info the lab webpage: https://fuedei.org/en/fuedei/investigacion/malezas/

Dear Drlatief Ahmad

have a look at these links. hope be useful.

Chapter Success in Biological Control of Aquatic Weeds by Arthropods

http://www.wsq.org.au/Schooler.pdf

https://www.landcareresearch.co.nz/publications/newsletters/biological-control-of-weeds/issue-64/biocontrol-for-aquatic-weeds