Marine benthic invertebrates who can use both suspension and deposit feeding methods, tend to use suspension feeding methods more as the concentration of suspended particles increases. However, I work in the Bay of Fundy, where the suspended sediment load is very high. Is anyone aware of literature (I have been unable to find any) which suggests an upper limit of suspended particle load which results in decreased rates of suspension feeding?
I think this is a species-specific answer you are looking for. I'm not sure there is a general law. I know you can find some answers to your question in looking into the Spionid group. You'll find out that the current velocity (or flow) is maybe more important than particle loads, even though both parameters are often related.
Here are a few (old) refs that just poped up in my head:
Shimeta, J. (1996) Particle-size selection by Pseudopolydora paucibranchiata (Polychaeta: Spionidae) in suspension feeding and deposit feeding: influences of ontogeny and flow speed. Marine Biology, 126, 479-488.
Taghon, G.L. (1992) Effects of animal density and supply of deposited and suspended food particles on feeding, growth and small-scale distributions of two spionid polychaetes. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 162, 77-95.
Taghon, G.L., Nowell, A.R.M., & Jumars, P.A. (1980) Induction of suspension feeding in spionid polychaetes by high particulate fluxes. Science, 210, 562-564.
Hope this helps,
Cteers,
Stan.
Maybe this can be of help?
{Foster-Smith, 1975 Journal of experimental marine Biology and Ecology, 17, 1-22 it's on oysters so obligatory suspension feeders but maybe.....
{Ibarrola, 1996 Canadian Journal of Zoology, 74,1887-1897 on Cerastoderma edule
{Macisaac, 1995 Archiv Fur Hydrobiologie,135,53-64 on Zebra mussel
{Navarro, 1997 Marine Ecology-Progress Series,152, 175-186 again on cockles....
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1 Recommendation
Godfried Van Moorsel
Suspended sediment load only does not determine its food quality. High loads may include a large proportion of non-edible food which requires a high energy demand to separate. If given a choice animals like the bivalve Macoma balthica are better off to wait for the edible parts to sink down during periods of low water movement and feast on the concentrated food bij surface-deposit feeding.
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1 Recommendation
Erik Bonsdorff
Hi!
Try to find papers (from the mid/late 1980's) by Einar B. 'Olafsson (Icelander then working in Sweden - unfortunately no longer alive), who wrote a few very good papers on this issue (mainly re the bivalve Macoma balthica; J Anim Ecol & MEPS, at least).
Hope this can help,
Erik
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5 Recommendations
Travis G. Gerwing
Ministry of Forests
Thank you everyone for your help!
Travis
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Kevin Du Clos
Louisiana Universities Marine Consortium
A paper by Wildish and Kristmanson (1979) refers to three types of communities; deposit-feeding, suspension-feeding, and impoverished; that occur under increasing bottom velocities. I don't think they refer to facultative suspension feeding specifically, but there is definitely evidence that increasing flow velocities lead to decreases in feeding and growth rates (I can find some of these references if you are interested). The facultative suspension-feeder that comes to mind for the Bay of Fundy is Hediste (Nereis) diversicolor. There have been a few studies on suspension feeding in H. diversicolor. A few are listed below.
Wildish, D. J., & Kristmanson, D. D. (1979). Tidal Energy and Sublittoral Macrobenthic Animals in Estuaries. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 36(10), 1197–1206. doi:10.1139/f79-173
Foster-Smith, R. L. (1978). An analysis of water flow in tube-living animals. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 34(1), 73–95. doi:10.1016/0022-0981(78)90058-8
Riisgård, H. U. (1991). Suspension feeding in the polychaete Nereis diversicolor. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 70, 29–37.
Riisgård, H. U., & Vedel, A. (1992). Filter-net structure and pumping activity in the polychaete Nereis diversicolor: effects of temperature and pump-modelling. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 83, 79–89.
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2 Recommendations
Korhan Ayranci
King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals
Hi Travis,
Here are a few refs for you. Dr. Shahin Dashtgard (professor @ Simon Fraser University) has published number of papers on sedimentological and ichnological characteristics of Bay of Fundy, and he specifically studied on the tidal flat environments and how the infauna react to the present environmental stresses (including suspended sediment concentration). So, I am sure you can find more than enough information in his papers. You might wanna find his thesis too, it was published by University of Alberta.
Dashtgard, S. E., & Gingras, M. K. (2005a). Facies architecture and ichnology of recent salt-marsh deposits: Waterside Marsh, New Brunswick, Canada. Journal of Sedimentary Research, 75, 596-607.
Dashtgard, S. E., & Gingras, M. K. (2005b). The temporal significance and distribution of bioturbation in coarse-grained upper foreshore and backshore deposits: Waterside Beach, New Brunswick, Canada. PALAIOS, 20, 589-595.
Dashtgard, S. E., & Gingras, M. K. (2007). Tidal controls on the morphology and sedimentology of gravel-dominated deltas and beaches: Examples from the megatidal Bay of Fundy, Canada. Journal of Sedimentary Research, 77, 1063-1077.
Dashtgard, S. E., Gingras, M. K., & Butler, K. E. (2006). Sedimentology and stratigraphy of a transgressive, muddy gravel beach: Waterside Beach, Bay of Fundy, Canada. Sedimentology, 53, 279-296.
Dashtgard, S. E., Gingras, M. K., & Pemberton, S. G. (2008). Grain-size controls on the occurrence of bioturbation. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 257, 224–243.
Cheers
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4 Recommendations
Paul Valentich-Scott
Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History
Many species in the bivalve family Tellinidae are known to deposit and suspension feed (as indicated in some of the comments above on Macoma balthica). A search on Tellindae feeding yields a ton of papers.
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Daniele Ventura
Sapienza University of Rome
Perhaps you can find useful some results obtained from aquaculture.
Winter, J. E. (1978). A review on the knowledge of suspension-feeding in lamellibranchiate bivalves, with special reference to artificial aquaculture systems. Aquaculture, 13(1), 1-33.
Newell, R. I. (2004). Ecosystem influences of natural and cultivated populations of suspension-feeding bivalve molluscs: a review. Journal of Shellfish Research, 23(1), 51-62.
See also:
Widdows, J., Fieth, P., & Worrall, C. M. (1979). Relationships between seston, available food and feeding activity in the common mussel Mytilus edulis. Marine Biology, 50(3), 195-207.
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1 Recommendation
Travis G. Gerwing
Ministry of Forests
Thank you one and all!
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Erik Bonsdorff
Looking forward to whatever comes out of your work - good luck!
Erik
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Travis G. Gerwing
Ministry of Forests
Thanks Erik!
The first of my papers dealing with oxygen penetration into marine sediment and the many biotic and abiotic factors which influence it has just been accepted. I hope to have several papers on the topic up asap!
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Aldo S. Pacheco
Royal Roads University
Hi there, maybe this article would be of helpfull: http://www.revbiolmar.cl/resumenes/v433/433-599.pdf
best regards
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1 Recommendation
Lya Neuberger-Cywiak
Universidad Marítima del Caribe, UMC
Hi, Travis.
There are a lot of researches done to answer your question.
Go first to Jorgensen, C.B. around 1950-1965; (Jorgensen, C.B. The Biology of Suspension-Feeding, Pergamon Press, Oxford, 357pp.)
Also, in Davids C. 1964. The influence of suspensions of microorganisms of different concentrations on the pumping and retention of food by mussels (Mytilus edulis L.). Netherlands Journal of Sea Research, 2:233-249
Then, you can find a very good article wrote by Newell R.C. (1979), Biology of Intertidal Animals, chapter 8: "Factors affecting the rate of feeding"; Marine Ecological Surveys Ltd, 1979, The Rustica Pres (PTY.) Ltd, Wynberg, Cape Town., 3rd ed.
Another good article can be the chapter of Jorgensen B. 1977. Nutrition, Chapter 2. In: Animal Physiology: Principles and Adaptations.Gordon M., Bartholomew G., Grinnell A., Jorgensen B., y White F (eds). 3rd Ed. MacMillan Publishing Co.,Inc. New York.
In the 90´, there are again works done by Widdows J but more related to ecotoxicology , not ecophysiology, like the work done by Jorgensen and Newell. I think also that Bayne B.L. worked on ecophysiology of marine invertebrates.
At this moment, sorry but I don´t remember papers that are easy to find........
Hopping that this information can improve your research,
Lya N.
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1 Recommendation
Daniel Martin
Spanish National Research Council
Hi Travis,
You may try with these papers dealing with polychaetes:
Taghon, G. L. (1992). Effects of animal density and supply of deposited and suspended food particles on feeding, growth and small-scale distributions of two spionid polychaetes. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 162, 77-95.
Taghon, G. L., & Greene, R. R. (1992). Utilization of deposited and suspended particulate matter by benthic "interface" feeders. Limnology and Oceanography, 37, 1370-1391.
Taghon, G. L., Nowell, A. R. M., & Jumars, P. A. (1980). Induction of suspension feeding in spionid polychaetes by high particulate fluxes. Science, 210, 562-564.
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2 Recommendations
Tisja Daggers
NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research
Here a recent article that provides a threshold level in algae concentration, at which Corophium volutator switches from deposit feeding to filter feeding:
Riisgard, H.U., Schotge, P. (2007) Surface deposit feeding versus filter feeding in the amphipod Corophium volutator. Marine biology research 3: 421-427
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1 Recommendation
Travis G. Gerwing
Ministry of Forests
Hello Tisja
Thank you for the paper, I have a similar paper also on C. volutator which says the same thing!
Møller, L. F. and H. U. Riisgård (2006). "Filter feeding in the burrowing amphipod Corophium volutator." Marine Ecology Progress Series 322: 213-224.
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Karel Essink
retired
Dr. Pauline Kamermans (Ph.D.thesis in 1992) studied growth limitation in intertidal bivalves in the Dutch Wadden Sea. Look for publications by her and co-workers.
The filter feeders in your Bay of Fundy (I once walked there in the mud between the fossil tree stumps) may be able to adapt their feeding apparatus by reducing their gills and increasing their labial palps. See B.F. Theisen, 1982. and other refs. I performed translocation experiments to document adaptation of gilss and palps to changing SPM conditions. See: Essink et al, 1986. Proceed 21th Europ. Mar. Biol. Symp., Gdansk, Polish Avad. Sciences, Inst. of Oceanology: 41-51. About real limitation of food uptake by high SPM loading I do not know of any refs.
Success with your work!
Karel Essink (The Netherlands - retired)
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1 Recommendation
Lawrence Leroy Lovell
Dancing Coyote Environmental Pauma Valley, CA
Daniel Dauer published several papers (early 1980's-2000) on palp feeding structures of spionid polychaetes and noted that several were multimodal in their feeding (suspension, filter, or deposit) behaviors. He work on intertidal and shallow subtidal species which may relate to your work in the Bay of Fundy.
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1 Recommendation
Travis G. Gerwing
Ministry of Forests
Thanks everyone!
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Travis G. Gerwing
Ministry of Forests
Hello everyone
Thank you for all the help! A quick update on what I found. Increased currents as well as increased food and particle concentration in the water does lead to a shift from deposit feeding to suspension feeding. However, very high currents and suspended particle loads (sometimes due to increased erosion, other times due to deposit feeding) can inhibit suspension feeding, as well as the settlement and survival of suspension feeders. Here are a few resources from the Bay of Fundy which show this! However, I am still on the hunt from some more recent ones!
Rhoads and Young. (1970). The influences of deposit feeding organisms on sediment stability and community trophic structure. Journal of Marine Research. 28(2).150-178.
Wilson and Kritmanson. (1979) Tidal energy and sublittoral macrobenthic animals in estuaries. J. Fish Research.
Gordon, and Dadswell. (1984). Update on the marine environmental consequences of tidal power development in the upper reaches of the Bay of Fundy. Canadian Technical Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences. No. 126
Gordon, Deizer, Daborn, Schwinghamer, and Silvert. (1984). Adventures in holistic ecosystem modelling>: the Cumberland basin ecosystem model. Netherlands Journal of Sea Research. 20(2/3):325-335.
Godron, Deiser, Schwinghamer, and Daborn. (1987). Ecological evaluation of the Cumberland Basin Ecosystem model. Continental Shelf Research. 7(11/12): 1477-1482.
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