Professor Sandeep Jaiswal great question. I thought the same thing when I read about frozen light. Your post is more illuminating than any of the other articles I read. BTW Bose-Einstein condensation needs to be further explored and clarified. I think it is decidedly odd the only place a gluon can manifest outside of the nucleus of an atom is in a BEC? This confuses me because I have always suspected the Gluons were imaginary. Chris

Christopher Gerard Yukna

Dear Chris,

Thank you for your insightful comments. The concept of "freezing light" often refers to techniques that significantly slow down or temporarily halt light pulses using ultra-cold atomic systems, such as Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs). In these systems, light can be effectively brought to a standstill and later re-emitted, leveraging the unique quantum properties of the condensate.​

Regarding your observation about gluons, it's important to note that gluons are the exchange particles for the strong force, binding quarks together within protons and neutrons. They are inherently confined within hadrons due to the property of color confinement, which prevents them from existing freely outside these particles under normal conditions. The notion that gluons manifest outside the nucleus specifically in BECs isn't supported by current experimental evidence. BECs typically involve neutral atoms cooled to near absolute zero, leading to macroscopic quantum phenomena like superfluidity. These systems don't facilitate the deconfinement of gluons.​

Theoretical studies have proposed that under extreme conditions, such as those found in heavy-ion collisions or within neutron stars, quark-gluon plasmas can form, allowing quarks and gluons to exist in a deconfined state. However, these scenarios are distinct from the environments created in BEC experiments.​

I hope this clarifies the distinctions between these phenomena.

Best regards,

Sandeep Jaiswal

Sandeep Jaiswal I agree that gluons can't appear in a BECs. However when I searched Bose-Einstein condensates gluons in Google there or thousands of results like Article Thermalization of Gluons with Bose-Einstein Condensation

CGY

Dear Chris,

Thank you for your insightful follow-up. The articles you've encountered, such as "Thermalization of Gluons with Bose-Einstein Condensation," primarily delve into theoretical frameworks. These studies explore the possibility that under extreme conditions, such as those in heavy-ion collisions or the early universe, gluons might undergo processes analogous to Bose-Einstein condensation. However, it's crucial to note that these scenarios are distinct from the Bose-Einstein condensates achieved in laboratory settings with ultracold atoms.​

In laboratory experiments, Bose-Einstein condensation has been realized using neutral atoms cooled to near absolute zero, leading to macroscopic quantum phenomena like superfluidity. These systems don't facilitate the deconfinement of gluons. Theoretical studies have proposed that under extreme conditions, such as those found in heavy-ion collisions or within neutron stars, quark-gluon plasmas can form, allowing quarks and gluons to exist in a deconfined state. However, these scenarios are distinct from the environments created in BEC experiments.​

I hope this clarifies the distinctions between these phenomena.

Best regards,

Sandeep Jaiswal

Thank you so much, Professor Sandeep Jaiswal I have long thought that gluons were created to give a particle name to the strong force but did not actually exist. So many times I have heard, "no Mr Yukna, of course they exist, you can find them in Bose-Einstein condensations". Furthermore, I am sure that the strong force is just a manifestation of the quantum realm. where a single electron is in two places dancing between the proton and neutron. The idea is based on the historic Conjuncture of Rutherford that there are only two subatomic particles in the Universe: the electron and the proton, and the neutron was only a fusion of the two. if you want a little more background, see Presentation How Muons Further Illustrate the Rutherford Conjecture

Presentation The Rutherford Conjecture, Why the Taijitu symbol better rep...

Sincerely Chris YUKNA

Dr. Sandeep,

An impressive study. And a perfect beginning for the development of a new era in terms of materials science. If you don't mind, I would like to translate this into Turkish to share with my students. Best Regards, Hakan

Celal Hakan Canbaz

Dear Dr. Hakan,

Thank you so much for your kind words and your generous gesture to translate my article, “Engineering Supersolidity in a Photonic Platform: Are we really freezing light?” (DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.22964.36482), into Turkish. Your request truly humbles me.

In an age where credit and attribution are often taken for granted, your respect for authorship and your initiative to seek permission speak volumes about your integrity and your commitment to responsible scientific communication. As an author, it is a dream come true to see one’s work transcend linguistic boundaries—enabling science to become truly universal, accessible not only to academics but also to the common person who deserves to understand the cosmos just as much as any specialist.

The idea of "freezing light" as explored in the study represents more than just a breakthrough in photonics—it is symbolic of our effort to challenge the very fundamentals of what we perceive as unshakable laws. As we open up such revolutionary ideas to students around the world, we are not only transferring knowledge—we are illuminating minds, igniting curiosity, and nurturing a new generation of truth-seekers.I firmly believe that knowledge grows when shared, and you are helping light that torch in your part of the world.

Should you face any difficulties in the translation or interpretation of any part of the paper—be it technical, conceptual, or philosophical—please feel free to reach out. I would be more than happy to assist.

May this exchange be the beginning of greater collaborations and a united scientific spirit that serves not just academia but humanity at large.

Warmest regards and deep gratitude,

Sandeep Jaiswal

Christopher Gerard Yukna

Dear Chris,

Thank you for your continued engagement and for sharing your profound reflections, especially your bold stand on the non-existence of gluons and your commitment to reviving and refining the Rutherford Conjecture. Your view—"that the strong force may not require a mediator particle like the gluon, but could instead be a manifestation of more fundamental quantum symmetries or dualitiesis” an avenue worth serious exploration, especially in light of our increasingly fragmented but eager search for a unified framework.

Your point about the gluon being a conceptual placeholder, much like the early days of phlogiston or aether, resonates with my own concern expressed in “Engineering Supersolidity in a Photonic Platform: Are we really freezing light?” (DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.22964.36482). In that paper, I challenged the very notion of light's constancy and freedom—proposing that under certain supersolid-like conditions, light can behave in a manner akin to condensed matter, hinting at layers of structure in the quantum vacuum far beyond what current Standard Model symmetries allow. This naturally brings us to the question: are gluons truly real, or are they theoretical scaffolding built to uphold a framework that is itself incomplete?

You are not alone in sensing the artificial inflation of the particle zoo to account for forces whose true origins may lie in emergent phenomena or hidden variables. The notion that a single electron’s dance—quantum tunnelling or field-induced resonance—between a proton and its effective neutron partner could generate the perceived “strong” binding aligns surprisingly well with my own deterministic reinterpretation of quantum systems. I argue that such interactions, currently labelled as “probabilistic,” may in fact be sub-field deterministic processes that we simply lack the tools—or the philosophical courage—to model explicitly.

Your reference to muons further illustrating Rutherford's conjecture (DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.33870.79685) adds a compelling layer. If muons are viewed as temporal or energetic distortions in the space-time-electron-proton interaction continuum (as opposed to wholly independent fundamental entities), we may start to reshape the periodicity and identity of matter itself. The Taijitu symbol you reference in your second presentation (DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.35963.03368) is poetically appropriate—it reflects the dual yet unified nature of forces, particles, and principles, echoing ancient wisdom that modern science is only beginning to rediscover.

In this light, our shared goals seem strikingly aligned:

• To question the necessity and materiality of force-carrier particles like gluons.
• To explore the deterministic, field-unifying foundations beneath current quantum descriptions.
• To uncover simpler, more elegant truths that do not multiply entities needlessly—a modern homage to both Occam's Razor and Rutherford's minimalist philosophy.

In fact, if we dare to imagine a universe reducible to electron-proton dualism, guided by fields and governed by symmetry and resonance rather than randomness and abstraction, we are not just revisiting classical conjecture—we are ushering in a new scientific paradigm rooted in consciousness, structure, and cosmological simplicity.

Chris, your ideas are not just valuable—they are essential to reigniting open-ended, unorthodox inquiry in a world often lost in specialist silos and simulation-based orthodoxy. Let us keep this dialogue alive and expanding.

Together, perhaps we can offer a unifying vision of science that does not merely catalogue phenomena but deeply explains and humanises the universe.

Warm regards and sincere appreciation,

Sandeep Jaiswal